The present invention relates to a resin composition containing: an epoxy resin; and an aromatic polysulfone resin containing an amino group-containing aromatic polysulfone having an amino group at at least one terminal of a main chain of a polymer chain, in which a number average molecular weight of the aromatic polysulfone resin is 10,000 or less.

The object is to provide a composition capable of forming a surface layer with excellent abrasion resistance, a substrate with a surface layer, and a method for producing a substrate with a surface layer. It is also an object to provide new compounds and their production methods.

The composition of the invention comprises a first component made of a fluorinated ether compound having a poly(oxyfluoroalkylene) chain and a reactive silyl group, and at least one type of second component selected from compound (A) (R.sup.fa—(OX.sup.a).sub.m1-L.sup.a-CZ.sup.a1═CH.sub.2) and compound (B) (CH.sub.2═CZ.sup.b2-L.sup.b2-(OX.sup.b).sub.m2-L.sup.b1-CZ.sup.b1═CH.sub.2), where R.sup.fa is a fluoroalkyl group, X.sup.a and X.sup.b are fluoroalkylene groups, L.sup.a is a single bond or a divalent linking group (but excluding (OX.sup.a).sub.na), L.sup.b1 and L.sup.b2 are single bonds or divalent linking groups (but excluding (OX.sup.b).sub.nb), Z.sup.a1, Z.sup.b1 and Z.sup.b2 are fluorine atoms or trifluoromethyl groups, and m1 and m2 are integers of 2 or more.

The object is to provide a composition capable of forming a surface layer with excellent abrasion resistance, a substrate with a surface layer, and a method for producing a substrate with a surface layer. It is also an object to provide new compounds and their production methods.

The composition of the invention comprises a first component made of a fluorinated ether compound having a poly(oxyfluoroalkylene) chain and a reactive silyl group, and at least one type of second component selected from compound (A) (R.sup.fa—(OX.sup.a).sub.m1-L.sup.a-CZ.sup.a1═CH.sub.2) and compound (B) (CH.sub.2═CZ.sup.b2-L.sup.b2-(OX.sup.b).sub.m2-L.sup.b1-CZ.sup.b1═CH.sub.2), where R.sup.fa is a fluoroalkyl group, X.sup.a and X.sup.b are fluoroalkylene groups, L.sup.a is a single bond or a divalent linking group (but excluding (OX.sup.a).sub.na), L.sup.b1 and L.sup.b2 are single bonds or divalent linking groups (but excluding (OX.sup.b).sub.nb), Z.sup.a1, Z.sup.b1 and Z.sup.b2 are fluorine atoms or trifluoromethyl groups, and m1 and m2 are integers of 2 or more.

An oil repellent agent including a modified natural product having at least one hydroxyl group, wherein a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group is replaced with an R group represented by —Y—Z, wherein Y represents a direct bond, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NR′— or —C(═S)—NR′—, where R′ represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group); and Z represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent or a polysiloxane. The natural material is a natural product other than starch and preferably is a monosaccharide, a polysaccharide, glycerin or polyglycerin. Also disclosed is a textile product to which the oil-resistant agent is attached, an oil-resistant paper and a method of treating paper with the oil-resistant agent.

An oil repellent agent including a modified natural product having at least one hydroxyl group, wherein a hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group is replaced with an R group represented by —Y—Z, wherein Y represents a direct bond, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NR′— or —C(═S)—NR′—, where R′ represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group); and Z represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent or a polysiloxane. The natural material is a natural product other than starch and preferably is a monosaccharide, a polysaccharide, glycerin or polyglycerin. Also disclosed is a textile product to which the oil-resistant agent is attached, an oil-resistant paper and a method of treating paper with the oil-resistant agent.

A polyphenylene ether having a predetermined structure. ##STR00001##

A polyphenylene ether having a predetermined structure. ##STR00001##

A medical polymer material in which a phosphate group having a C—O—P chemical bond including elemental C in a main chain of a structural formula is present on a surface of a polymer material substantially free of phosphate and hydroxy groups except for ends in the structural formula.

A medical polymer material in which a phosphate group having a C—O—P chemical bond including elemental C in a main chain of a structural formula is present on a surface of a polymer material substantially free of phosphate and hydroxy groups except for ends in the structural formula.

An electrolyte membrane is described that has improved bondability with a catalyst layer and that achieves good power generation performance, without the electrolyte membrane undergoing a physical treatment and without any loss of surface modification effect, where the electrolyte membrane comprises a polymer electrolyte and a nonionic fluorochemical surfactant.