Provided is a hard coating film for foldable displays that does not form creases or cracks in the folding portion, and that is also excellent in reducing iridescent colors (interference mottling) caused by fine cracks in an easy-to-adhere resin layer or other layers. The hard coating film for foldable displays contains a polyester film having a thickness of 10 to 80 μm, an easy-to-adhere resin layer, and a hard coating layer, the easy-to-adhere resin layer and the hard coating layer being stacked in this order on at least one surface of the polyester film, wherein the easy-to-adhere resin layer is a cured product of a composition containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium compounds and zirconium compounds and a polyester resin, and the polyester film having the easy-to-adhere resin layer stacked thereon but not yet having the hard coating layer stacked thereon satisfies characteristics within specific ranges.

The present invention relates to the use of an abrasion-resistant surface material for the coating of melamine resin laminates and to a laminate comprising the surface material used in accordance with the invention, and to a method for producing the laminate.

An ink composition to be used in an ink jet recording apparatus includes a self-dispersing pigment, a soap-free resin, and water. When 15 g of the ink composition is weighed into a 50-mL sample bottle and the sample bottle is shaken 100 times for one minute, at 60 seconds after shaking, a foam height from a liquid level is 1 cm or less.

The present invention provides an optical film exhibiting high alignment and good phase difference development in an oblique direction, and a polarizing plate and an image display device using the same. This optical film of the present invention has a substrate; and a phase difference layer which is provided on the substrate to be adjacent to the substrate, in which the phase difference layer is a layer formed by fixing vertical alignment of a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group included in a liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound and a polymer compound, a difference in a value between the polymer compound and the substrate, which is calculated using three-dimensional SP values, is 3 or less, and a content of the polymer compound is less than 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal compound.

An ink composition to be used in an ink jet recording apparatus includes a self-dispersing pigment, a soap-free resin, and water. When 15 g of the ink composition is weighed into a 50-mL sample bottle and the sample bottle is shaken 100 times for one minute, at 60 seconds after shaking, a foam height from a liquid level is 1 cm or less.

Abrasion resistant ultraviolet (UV) curable coatings, which may be applied in the field. Flooring products including such abrasion resistant UV curable coatings and methods of applying such abrasion resistant UV curable coatings to flooring products.

The present invention provides an optical film exhibiting high alignment and good phase difference development in an oblique direction, and a polarizing plate and an image display device using the same. This optical film of the present invention has a substrate; and a phase difference layer which is provided on the substrate to be adjacent to the substrate, in which the phase difference layer is a layer formed by fixing vertical alignment of a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group included in a liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound and a polymer compound, a difference in ?a value between the polymer compound and the substrate, which is calculated using three-dimensional SP values, is 3 or less, and a content of the polymer compound is less than 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal compound.

A vinylbenzylated phenol compound represented by General Formula (1) below is provided. ##STR00001##
(In General Formula (1), Ar.sup.0 is a bifunctional phenol compound residue having one or more monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic nuclei, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 may be the same or different and are each hydrogen or a methyl group, and p is an integer of 1 to 4.)

The resin-coated metal sheet for containers includes a resin coating layer (A) having a multilayered structure mainly composed of a polyester resin on at least one surface thereof. The resin coating layer (A) includes a resin layer (a1). The resin layer (a1) adheres to the metal sheet, contains (i) a polyester resin, (ii) a phenolic resin, (iii) a metal alkoxide compound and/or a metal chelate compound, (iv) an epoxy resin, and (v) at least one selected from the group consisting of polyamine resins, polyamidoamine resins, and polyamide resins, and is mainly composed of the polyester resin. Preferably, a polyester film (a2) is disposed on the resin layer (a1).

A vinylbenzylated phenol compound represented by General Formula (1) below is provided.

##STR00001##

(In General Formula (1), Ar.sup.0 is a bifunctional phenol compound residue having one or more monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic nuclei, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 may be the same or different and are each hydrogen or a methyl group, and p is an integer of 1 to 4.)