A method of producing a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam is provided which involves the use of a specific combination of hydrofluoroolefin blowing agents and cell nucleators. The resulting foams have excellent long term thermal insulating performance and have reduced thickness in comparison to conventional thermal insulating boards. The rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate boards may be used to insulate refrigeration bodies, such as those employed in vehicles comprising refrigeration units, and cold storage containers.

The present invention relates to mixtures of 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene (1336mzzm) and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd). The blends are useful as blowing agents for polymer foam, solvents, aerosol propellants and heat transfer media.

A method of making chlorofluorohydrocarbons including, contacting, a fluorinated hydrocarbon reagent in the vapor phase, with hydrogen chloride (HCl). The reaction is conducted in the presence of an effective amount of a catalyst, at an elevated temperature sufficient to effect hydrochlorination to form a reaction mixture including a chlorofluorohydrocarbon.

A flexible discontinuous process produces a series of at least two articles containing thermally insulating polyurethane foam from at least three streams (A), (B) and (C). The process involves mixing the at least three streams with different mixing ratios and injecting the mixture into cavities of the articles. A production unit can be used for performing this process.

In the phenolic resin foam laminate board (10), a surface material (2) is arranged on at least one of one side of a phenolic resin foam (1) and the back side of the one side. The phenolic resin foam (1) has a density of not less than 22 kg/m.sup.3 and not more than 50 kg/m.sup.3, a cell diameter of not less than 50 μm and not more than 170 μm, and a closed cell ratio of not less than 80%. When HCFO-1224yd(Z), aliphatic hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 6 or less, chlorinated saturated hydrocarbons having a carbon number of 5 or less, and hydrofluoroolefin are gas components, the phenolic resin foam contains only HCFO-1224yd (Z) as a gas component. A cell internal pressure of air bubble is 0.20 atm or more.

A method for preparing rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams or rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams in which method the rigid PUR or PIR foam is prepared by reacting a composition (C) comprising: at least one isocyanate-reactive component (B1) having functional groups selected from hydroxyl, amine and thiol groups; at least one isocyanate component (A1) having an average functionality of less than 2.70; and at least one blowing agent [blowing agent (BA), herein after]; with the proviso that the overall average functionality [F.sub.n,avg(A), herein after] of all isocyanate components present in the composition (C) is less than 2.70; wherein the composition (C) is characterized by an isocyanate index X, wherein the rigid PUR or PIR foams are produced by depositing the composition (C) between two gas-tight facing sheets and wherein the rigid PUR or PIR foam is characterized by a difference Δλ between the initial thermal conductivity value λ.sub.ini and the aged thermal conductivity value λ.sub.aged of said rigid PUR or PIR foam wherein: when X≤200 then Δλ<1.35; and when X>200 then Δλ<[6.49−(4.46*F.sub.n,avg(A))−(0.02348*X)+(0.492*F.sub.n,avg(A)*F.sub.n,avg(A))+(0.01343*F.sub.n,avg(A)*X)+0.3].

Foam wall structures and methods for making them are described. The wall structures include a frame, a foam panel overlying a front surface of the frame, and a polyurethane foam layer disposed in a cavity of the wall structure. The polyurethane foam layer has a density, as determined by ASTM D1622-14, of at least 44 kg/m.sup.3 and exhibits ASTM E84-16 Class A flame spread and smoke development characteristics. The polyurethane foam layer is the cured reaction product of a polyurethane foam-forming composition that includes a polyisocyanate, an aromatic polyester polyol having a functionality of greater than 2.5 and an OH number of at least 300 mg KOH/g, which is present in an amount of at least 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyurethane foam-forming composition less the weight of the polyisocyanate, a catalyst, and a blowing agent composition. The blowing agent composition includes water and a hydrofluoroolefin.

Isocyanate-reactive compositions that include a hydrofluoroolefin blowing agent, polyurethane foam-forming compositions, as well as spray-applied polyurethane foams formed therefrom that can provide structural support to wall structures and can also exhibit ASTM E84-16 Class A flame spread and smoke development characteristics at a foam thickness of 4 inches.

The invention provides polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams and methods for the preparation thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to closed-celled, polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams and methods for their preparation. The foams are characterized by a fine uniform cell structure and little or no foam collapse. The foams are produced with a polyol premix composition which comprises a combination of a hydrohaloolefin blowing agent, a polyol, a silicone surfactant, and a precipitation-resistant metal-based catalyst used alone or in combination with an amine catalyst.

Foam compositions are provided. The compositions are prepared from multi-functional acetoacetate esters and multi-functional amines or acrylates. The foam compositions can include one or more additives. The foam compositions can be used for home and commercial insulation, air sealing, sound proofing, structural improvement, and exterior roofing, among other applications. The foam compositions provide advantages of being isocyanate free and offer reduced exposure to isocyanate.