An apparatus and methods for using coatings for metal applications are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an article comprises a cured polymeric film having a first reaction product of a cationic photoinitiator and a compound suitable for cationic polymerization. The article has a second reaction product of a free-radical photoinitiator and a compound suitable for free-radical polymerization; The article has a metal substrate, wherein the cured polymeric film coats the metal substrate.

An apparatus and methods for using coatings for metal applications are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an article comprises a cured polymeric film having a first reaction product of a cationic photoinitiator and a compound suitable for cationic polymerization. The article has a second reaction product of a free-radical photoinitiator and a compound suitable for free-radical polymerization; The article has a metal substrate, wherein the cured polymeric film coats the metal substrate.

A polymer composition of cross-linked fluoropolymers is provided, that is generated using a fluoropolymer compatibilizer. The cross-linked fluoropolymers have excellent mechanical and dielectric characteristics at high temperatures, making them useful for such applications as insulation for automotive communications cables and PCB laminates.

A polymer composition of cross-linked fluoropolymers is provided, that is generated using a fluoropolymer compatibilizer. The cross-linked fluoropolymers have excellent mechanical and dielectric characteristics at high temperatures, making them useful for such applications as insulation for automotive communications cables and PCB laminates.

An apparatus and methods for using coatings for metal applications are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an article comprises a cured polymeric film having a first reaction product of a cationic photoinitiator and a compound suitable for cationic polymerization. The article has a second reaction product of a free-radical photoinitiator and a compound suitable for free-radical polymerization; The article has a metal substrate, wherein the cured polymeric film coats the metal substrate.

An apparatus and methods for using coatings for metal applications are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an article comprises a cured polymeric film having a first reaction product of a cationic photoinitiator and a compound suitable for cationic polymerization. The article has a second reaction product of a free-radical photoinitiator and a compound suitable for free-radical polymerization; The article has a metal substrate, wherein the cured polymeric film coats the metal substrate.

A powder coating composition can include: a polyester polymer having carboxylic acid functional groups; a first crosslinker reactive with the carboxylic acid functional groups of the polyester polymer; and a fluoropolymer unreactive with the polyester polymer and first crosslinker. A weight ratio of the polyester polymer to the fluoropolymer is from 80:20 to 60:40. When cured, the powder coating composition forms a single coating layer including the polyester polymer and the fluoropolymer.

A powder coating composition can include: a polyester polymer having carboxylic acid functional groups; a first crosslinker reactive with the carboxylic acid functional groups of the polyester polymer; and a fluoropolymer unreactive with the polyester polymer and first crosslinker. A weight ratio of the polyester polymer to the fluoropolymer is from 80:20 to 60:40. When cured, the powder coating composition forms a single coating layer including the polyester polymer and the fluoropolymer.

A lens including a flexible refractive optic having a fixed refractive index, an electro-active element embedded within the flexible refractive optic, wherein the electro-active element has an alterable refractive index, and a controller electrically connected to the electro-active element wherein when power is applied thereto the refractive index of the electro-active element is altered.

A lens including a flexible refractive optic having a fixed refractive index, an electro-active element embedded within the flexible refractive optic, wherein the electro-active element has an alterable refractive index, and a controller electrically connected to the electro-active element wherein when power is applied thereto the refractive index of the electro-active element is altered.