A papaver from rhoeas' cell and tissue stain is formulated incorporating a new one bioflavonoid which specifically stains the nucleus for microscopic evaluation in histopathology, microbiology and cytology. It appears to be an alternative to hematoxylin for routine usage. Biochemical name of this compound is hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3.4.5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3.4.5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4H-chromen- 4-one. NMR analysis shows the biochemical structure of molecule is a bioflavonoid. (FIG. 4,5) Molecule within papaver rhoeas along with the synergistic and other molecules penetrates the biologic and nonbiologic samples. Combining with the other synergistic mechanisms the stain formula is prepared. The amount and type of Mordant and pH are the parameters that affect the quality and timing of the staining results.

A papaver from rhoeas' cell and tissue stain is formulated incorporating a new one bioflavonoid which specifically stains the nucleus for microscopic evaluation in histopathology, microbiology and cytology. It appears to be an alternative to hematoxylin for routine usage. Biochemical name of this compound is hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3.4.5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3.4.5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4H-chromen- 4-one. NMR analysis shows the biochemical structure of molecule is a bioflavonoid. (FIG. 4,5) Molecule within papaver rhoeas along with the synergistic and other molecules penetrates the biologic and nonbiologic samples. Combining with the other synergistic mechanisms the stain formula is prepared. The amount and type of Mordant and pH are the parameters that affect the quality and timing of the staining results.

A method may comprise: exposing a substituted chromone dissolved in a solvent to a sample; taking a fluorescence measurement of the sample after exposure to the substituted chromone; and determining a presence or absence of one or more ions in the sample, a concentration of the one or more ions in the sample, or both based on the fluorescence measurement.

A method may comprise: exposing a substituted chromone dissolved in a solvent to a sample; taking a fluorescence measurement of the sample after exposure to the substituted chromone; and determining a presence or absence of one or more ions in the sample, a concentration of the one or more ions in the sample, or both based on the fluorescence measurement.

A method may comprise: exposing a substituted chromone dissolved in a solvent to a sample; taking a fluorescence measurement of the sample after exposure to the substituted chromone; and determining a presence or absence of one or more ions in the sample, a concentration of the one or more ions in the sample, or both based on the fluorescence measurement.

A method may comprise: exposing a substituted chromone dissolved in a solvent to a sample; taking a fluorescence measurement of the sample after exposure to the substituted chromone; and determining a presence or absence of one or more ions in the sample, a concentration of the one or more ions in the sample, or both based on the fluorescence measurement.

A papaver from rhoeas' cell and tissue stain is formulated incorporating a new one bioflavonoid which specifically stains the nucleus for microscopic evaluation in histopathology, microbiology and cytology. It appears to be an alternative to hematoxylin for routine usage. Biochemical name of this compound is hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3.4.5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3.4.5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one. NMR analysis shows the biochemical structure of molecule is a bioflavonoid. (FIG. 4,5) Molecule within Papaver rhoeas along with the synergistic and other molecules penetrates the biologic and nonbiologic samples. Combining with the other synergistic mechanisms the stain formula is prepared. The amount and type of Mordant and pH are the parameters that affect the quality and timing of the staining results.

A papaver from rhoeas' cell and tissue stain is formulated incorporating a new one bioflavonoid which specifically stains the nucleus for microscopic evaluation in histopathology, microbiology and cytology. It appears to be an alternative to hematoxylin for routine usage. Biochemical name of this compound is hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3.4.5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3.4.5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yl)oxy)phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one. NMR analysis shows the biochemical structure of molecule is a bioflavonoid. (FIG. 4,5) Molecule within Papaver rhoeas along with the synergistic and other molecules penetrates the biologic and nonbiologic samples. Combining with the other synergistic mechanisms the stain formula is prepared. The amount and type of Mordant and pH are the parameters that affect the quality and timing of the staining results.

A method may comprise: exposing a substituted chromone dissolved in a solvent to a sample; taking a fluorescence measurement of the sample after exposure to the substituted chromone; and determining a presence or absence of one or more ions in the sample, a concentration of the one or more ions in the sample, or both based on the fluorescence measurement.

A method may comprise: exposing a substituted chromone dissolved in a solvent to a sample; taking a fluorescence measurement of the sample after exposure to the substituted chromone; and determining a presence or absence of one or more ions in the sample, a concentration of the one or more ions in the sample, or both based on the fluorescence measurement.