Provided is a modified polyolefin resin that is excellent in adhesion to nonpolar substrates such as a polyolefin substrate, and excellent in stability in an alcohol solvent. In the modified polyolefin resin, the following polymer (A) is grafted on the following resin (B). Polymer (A): a polymer including at least one constitutional unit selected from the group consisting of a constitutional unit derived from an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and a constitutional unit derived from a derivative of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and having a hydroxyl value in a range of 10 mgKOH/g or larger and 200 mgKOH/g or smaller. Resin (B): a polyolefin resin or a modified product thereof.

The invention relates to a fluorinated copolymers which are particularly based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF) or trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and particularly functionalized by functional and/or functionizable vinyl ethers. The invention also relates to methods for producing said copolymers, and to the applications thereof.

The invention relates to a fluorinated copolymers which are particularly based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF) or trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and particularly functionalized by functional and/or functionizable vinyl ethers. The invention also relates to methods for producing said copolymers, and to the applications thereof.

To provide a charge transport layer excellent in the external quantum efficiency, and an organic photoelectronic element comprising the charge transport layer. A charge transport layer comprising a film containing a fluorinated polymer and a semiconductor material, wherein the film has a material composition such that E.sub.th is within a range of from 0.010 to 0.080 MV/cm. An organic photoelectronic element comprising the charge transport layer.

To provide a charge transport layer excellent in the external quantum efficiency, and an organic photoelectronic element comprising the charge transport layer. A charge transport layer comprising a film containing a fluorinated polymer and a semiconductor material, wherein the film has a material composition such that E.sub.th is within a range of from 0.010 to 0.080 MV/cm. An organic photoelectronic element comprising the charge transport layer.

To provide a charge transport layer excellent in the external quantum efficiency, and an organic photoelectronic element comprising the charge transport layer.

A charge transport layer comprising a film containing a fluorinated polymer and a semiconductor material, wherein the film has a material composition such that E.sub.th is within a range of from 0.010 to 0.080 MV/cm. An organic photoelectronic element comprising the charge transport layer.

To provide a charge transport layer excellent in the external quantum efficiency, and an organic photoelectronic element comprising the charge transport layer.

A charge transport layer comprising a film containing a fluorinated polymer and a semiconductor material, wherein the film has a material composition such that E.sub.th is within a range of from 0.010 to 0.080 MV/cm. An organic photoelectronic element comprising the charge transport layer.

Provided is a modified polyolefin resin that is excellent in adhesion to nonpolar substrates such as a polyolefin substrate, and excellent in stability in an alcohol solvent. In the modified polyolefin resin, the following polymer (A) is grafted on the following resin (B).

Polymer (A): a polymer including at least one constitutional unit selected from the group consisting of a constitutional unit derived from an ,-unsaturated carboxylic acid and a constitutional unit derived from a derivative of an ,-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and having a hydroxyl value in a range of 10 mgKOH/g or larger and 200 mgKOH/g or smaller.

Resin (B): a polyolefin resin or a modified product thereof.

The present invention provides a substrate with an antireflection layer not only which is excellent in the antireflection properties but also which has high water repellency and oil repellency and favorable oil and fat stain removability, and a display device provided with a substrate with an antireflection layer. A substrate with an antireflection layer, which comprises an antireflection layer on at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the antireflection layer contains a silica porous film having fluorinated organic groups, and the surface of the antireflection layer on the opposite side from the substrate has an element number ratio F/Si of at least 1 as obtained from the peak height of F.sub.1s and the peak height of Si.sub.2p in surface analysis by scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA) and has an arithmetic mean roughness (Sa) of at most 3.0 nm.

The present invention provides a substrate with an antireflection layer not only which is excellent in the antireflection properties but also which has high water repellency and oil repellency and favorable oil and fat stain removability, and a display device provided with a substrate with an antireflection layer. A substrate with an antireflection layer, which comprises an antireflection layer on at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the antireflection layer contains a silica porous film having fluorinated organic groups, and the surface of the antireflection layer on the opposite side from the substrate has an element number ratio F/Si of at least 1 as obtained from the peak height of F.sub.1s and the peak height of Si.sub.2p in surface analysis by scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA) and has an arithmetic mean roughness (Sa) of at most 3.0 nm.