An optical film, a polarizing plate including the same, and an optical display apparatus including the same are provided. An optical film includes a first layer and a second layer stacked on a lower surface of the first layer via a first primer layer, the first primer layer being formed of a first composition including a first urethane-based polymer and a first isocyanate-based curing agent, the first urethane-based polymer including a repeat unit derived from a first alicyclic isocyanate-based compound, and the first isocyanate-based curing agent including a first isocyanate trimer.

An optical film, a polarizing plate including the same, and an optical display apparatus including the same are provided. An optical film includes a first layer and a second layer stacked on a lower surface of the first layer via a first primer layer, the first primer layer being formed of a first composition including a first urethane-based polymer and a first isocyanate-based curing agent, the first urethane-based polymer including a repeat unit derived from a first alicyclic isocyanate-based compound, and the first isocyanate-based curing agent including a first isocyanate trimer.

Disclosed is a blood-compatible polymer represented by Formula 1. A polymer obtained by grafting a fluorinated methacrylate onto a polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer and provided in one aspect of the present invention is a polymer with blood compatibility, and may provide a blood-compatible material with hydrophobicity. In addition, it is possible to provide a material with controlled contact angle and surface energy properties by controlling the hydrogen fluoride length of the fluorinated methacrylate monomer for modification. Furthermore, it is possible to provide coating with controlled surface properties and blood compatibility through a simple process. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a freestanding polymer film with blood compatibility.

Disclosed is a blood-compatible polymer represented by Formula 1. A polymer obtained by grafting a fluorinated methacrylate onto a polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer and provided in one aspect of the present invention is a polymer with blood compatibility, and may provide a blood-compatible material with hydrophobicity. In addition, it is possible to provide a material with controlled contact angle and surface energy properties by controlling the hydrogen fluoride length of the fluorinated methacrylate monomer for modification. Furthermore, it is possible to provide coating with controlled surface properties and blood compatibility through a simple process. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a freestanding polymer film with blood compatibility.

The present invention provides a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin that has resistance to thermal decomposition, provides excellent continuous productivity in molding, and imparts both processability and unevenness-preventing properties to a molded article. The present invention relates to a chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin, containing three components including a A.sub.150 component, a B.sub.150 component, and a C.sub.150 component, and having a percentage of the C.sub.150 component (C.sub.150 component/(A.sub.150 component+B.sub.150 component+C.sub.150 component)) of less than 8.0%, the three components being identified by measuring the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 150° C. to give a free induction decay curve of .sup.1H spin-spin relaxation, and subjecting the free induction decay curve to waveform separation into three curves derived from the A.sub.150 component, the B.sub.150 component, and the C.sub.150 component in order of shorter relaxation time using the least square method.

The present disclosure provides a PVC or CPVC solvent cement and a composition for forming a PVC or CPVC coating on an object. The solvent cement and the coating composition each include one or more caprolactam-derived solvents and a polymer selected from the group of polyvinyl chloride and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride. The one or more caprolactam-derived solvents include a linear alkyl group of 1, 2 or 4 unsubstituted carbons or an alkoxymethyl group of 2 or 3 unsubstituted carbons bonded to a nitrogen heteroatom.

The present disclosure provides a PVC or CPVC solvent cement and a composition for forming a PVC or CPVC coating on an object. The solvent cement and the coating composition each include one or more caprolactam-derived solvents and a polymer selected from the group of polyvinyl chloride and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride. The one or more caprolactam-derived solvents include a linear alkyl group of 1, 2 or 4 unsubstituted carbons or an alkoxymethyl group of 2 or 3 unsubstituted carbons bonded to a nitrogen heteroatom.

A method of making a copolymer is disclosed. The method includes copolymerizing components including tetrafluoroethylene and a compound represented by formula CF.sub.2═CF—O—(CF.sub.2).sub.a—SO.sub.2X, wherein “a” is a number from 1 to 4, and X is —NZH, —NZ—SO.sub.2—(CF.sub.2).sub.1-6—SO.sub.2X′, or —OZ, wherein Z is independently a hydrogen, an alkali metal cation, or a quaternary ammonium cation, and wherein X′ is independently —NZH or —OZ. The components include at least 60 mole % of tetrafluoroethylene based on the total amount of components. A copolymer prepared by the method is also provided. A method of making a membrane using the copolymer is also provided. The present disclosure also provides a polymer electrolyte membrane that includes a copolymer made by the method and a membrane electrode assembly that includes such a polymer electrolyte membrane.

A method of making a copolymer is disclosed. The method includes copolymerizing components including tetrafluoroethylene and a compound represented by formula CF.sub.2═CF—O—(CF.sub.2).sub.a—SO.sub.2X, wherein “a” is a number from 1 to 4, and X is —NZH, —NZ—SO.sub.2—(CF.sub.2).sub.1-6—SO.sub.2X′, or —OZ, wherein Z is independently a hydrogen, an alkali metal cation, or a quaternary ammonium cation, and wherein X′ is independently —NZH or —OZ. The components include at least 60 mole % of tetrafluoroethylene based on the total amount of components. A copolymer prepared by the method is also provided. A method of making a membrane using the copolymer is also provided. The present disclosure also provides a polymer electrolyte membrane that includes a copolymer made by the method and a membrane electrode assembly that includes such a polymer electrolyte membrane.

Provided is a modified polyolefin resin that is excellent in adhesion to nonpolar substrates such as a polyolefin substrate, and excellent in stability in an alcohol solvent. In the modified polyolefin resin, the following polymer (A) is grafted on the following resin (B). Polymer (A): a polymer including at least one constitutional unit selected from the group consisting of a constitutional unit derived from an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and a constitutional unit derived from a derivative of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and having a hydroxyl value in a range of 10 mgKOH/g or larger and 200 mgKOH/g or smaller. Resin (B): a polyolefin resin or a modified product thereof.