The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of formula D

##STR00001## in which the parameters have the meanings given in the text,
to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the compounds of formula T and their use for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal (LC) medium comprising one or more polymerisable compounds and to the use of the LC medium for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment (PS, PSA) or self-aligning (SA) type.

The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerisable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment type.

A liquid crystal composition includes at least one of liquid crystal molecules represented by Chemical Formulas A and B:

##STR00001##

where in Chemical Formulas A and B, L.sub.1 to L.sub.4 are each independently —H, —F, —Cl, —OCF.sub.3, —CF.sub.3, —CH.sub.2F, or —CHF.sub.2, R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, a halogen, a cyano group, a C1-C12 alkyl group, or a C1-C12 alkoxy group, and Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.4 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —SCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2S—, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2n—, where n is a natural number of 1 to 12, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C═C—, or —CH═CHCH.sub.2O.

The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerisable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment (PS, PSA) and self-aligning (SA) type.

Disclosed are a liquid crystal (LC) composition and a high-frequency component including the same. The LC composition includes one or more selected from compounds shown in structural formula (I) and one or more selected from compounds shown in structural formula (II):

##STR00001## where R.sub.1 is selected from alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, and cycloalkyl; one of X.sub.1, X.sub.2, and X.sub.3 is methyl or chlorine, and the other two are hydrogen; k, m, n, and p are 0 or 1; and ring A is selected from a benzene ring, cyclohexane, and cyclohexene;

##STR00002##

where R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each are selected from alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl, cycloalkyl, halogen, and NCS; and ring A and ring B each are selected from a benzene ring, cyclohexane, and cyclohexene.

Liquid-crystalline (LC) media having positive dielectric anisotropy and liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) containing these media, especially displays addressed by an active matrix and in particular to LC displays of the TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-FFS, SA-HB-FFS, SA-XB-FFS, polymer stabilised SA-HB-FFS, polymer stabilised SA-XB-FFS, positive VA or positive PS-VA type.

The present invention relates to liquid crystal (LC) media comprising one or more polymerisable compounds as further specified in the description or claims and a self-alignment additive for vertical alignment. The media are adapted for use in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer-sustained alignment type.

A compound is represented by general formula (I), a liquid-crystal composition contains this compound, and devices are made using this liquid-crystal composition. Having a large refractive-index anisotropy Δn and a sufficiently high Tni, highly compatible with liquid-crystal compositions, and exhibiting a high dielectric anisotropy in the radio frequency range, the compound is a useful material for RF phase shifters, phased-array antennae, image recognition devices, distance meters, liquid-crystal displays, liquid-crystal lenses, and birefringent lenses for 3D image display, among other devices. ##STR00001##

A LC lens and a liquid-crystal medium used in said LC lens, wherein the medium contains one or more compounds of each of formulae I and II ##STR00001##