A plastic catalytic pyrolysis process that can produce high yields of ethylene, propylene and other light olefins from waste plastics is disclosed. The catalytic product stream is quenched to below catalytic pyrolysis temperature quickly after exiting the reactor or bulk separation from the catalyst. Quench preserves selectivity of light olefinic monomers. The catalytic pyrolysis process can be operated in a single stage or a two-stage process.

An improved process is provided for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, comprising pneumatically injecting a biomass feed via a pneumatic injection line into a fluidized heat medium, for example, hot catalyst, with a carrier gas at a velocity of from 5 to 40 m/s in at least one mixing zone in communication with a pyrolysis reactor in which catalytic pyrolysis occurs, and maintaining a catalyst/biomass mixture flowrate ratio (C/B) of from 4 to 40 downstream from the point of catalyst injection via a catalyst injection line in the at least one mixing zone.

An improved process is provided for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, comprising pneumatically injecting a biomass feed via a pneumatic injection line into a fluidized heat medium, for example, hot catalyst, with a carrier gas at a velocity of from 5 to 40 m/s in at least one mixing zone in communication with a pyrolysis reactor in which catalytic pyrolysis occurs, and maintaining a catalyst/biomass mixture flowrate ratio (C/B) of from 4 to 40 downstream from the point of catalyst injection via a catalyst injection line in the at least one mixing zone.

A double fluidized bed reactor system including a staircase-type helical blade is proposed. The system includes a bubbling fluidized bed gasification furnace for receiving fuel (for example, combustible waste and biomass) and steam, forming a bubbling fluidized bed through a flow of flow medium therein, and gasifying the fuel, thereby generating a resultant gas, and a high-speed fluidized bed combustion furnace for receiving char of the resultant gas and the flow medium from the bubbling fluidized bed gasification furnace, additionally receiving air, combusting the char so as to heat the flow medium, and transferring the heated flow medium back to the bubbling fluidized bed gasification furnace.

A fluidized bed reactor for biomass treatment comprising a vessel extending in a first direction from a first end to a second end, an inlet at the first end of the vessel for feeding biomass particles into the vessel, an outlet at the second end of the vessel for outputting processed biomass, a first fluid inlet independently activatable to deliver a first volume of a gas in a second direction into a first region of the vessel, and a second fluid inlet spaced apart from the first fluid inlet in the first direction and independently activatable to deliver a second volume of the gas in the second direction into a second region of the vessel, the second region adjacent the first region.

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a gas oil product from a carbonaceous particles of a biomass source comprising the following steps: (a) pyrolysis of the carbonaceous particles to a gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons in the absence of oxygen, (b) quenching the gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons by contacting with a liquid quench mixture of hydrocarbons having a lower temperature than the gaseous mixture thereby obtaining a rich liquid quench mixture and a quenched gas, and (c) isolating from the quenched gas a gas oil product by means of vacuum distillation, wherein the liquid gas oil is partly supplied to the top of the vacuum distillation column as a distillation reflux, partly used as part of the liquid quench mixture in (b) and partly discharged as the gas oil product.

This invention relates to a process for the conversion of a feedstock comprising a lignin-comprising material, comprising the steps (a) to (c): (a) charging the feedstock to a fluidized bed reactor; (b) pyrolyzing at least part of the feedstock in the fluidized bed reactor while introducing a carrier gas into the reactor, to produce pyrolysis vapours; (c) reacting at least part of the pyrolysis vapours coming from step (b) in a second reactor comprising a catalyst, to produce hydrocarbon products comprising aromatics.

This invention relates to a process for the conversion of a feedstock comprising a lignin-comprising material, comprising the steps (a) to (c): (a) charging the feedstock to a fluidized bed reactor; (b) pyrolyzing at least part of the feedstock in the fluidized bed reactor while introducing a carrier gas into the reactor, to produce pyrolysis vapours; (c) reacting at least part of the pyrolysis vapours coming from step (b) in a second reactor comprising a catalyst, to produce hydrocarbon products comprising aromatics.

Processes of catalytically pyrolyzing solid hydrocarbonaceous materials in a downflow fluid bed reactor and regenerating the catalyst in an upflow fluidized bed reactor are described. Systems and compositions useful in the catalytic pyrolysis of plastics are also described.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of modifying thermoplastic properties of lignin rich biomass to reduce agglomeration during any subsequent pyrolysis. The method comprises providing a lignin rich biomass and treating the lignin rich biomass with an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide under conditions effective to reduce agglomeration, during any subsequent pyrolysis, compared to when the lignin rich biomass is not subjected to said treating. Also disclosed is a method of fast pyrolysis using the product of this method of modifying the thermoplastic properties of lignin rich biomass.