A fluidized reforming process comprising a two stage fluidized reforming reactor is described. A naphtha stream flows upward through the two fluidized stages and contacts the catalyst forming a product stream and spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is separated from the product stream and the naphtha feed stream. Some of the spent catalyst is regenerated by contact with an oxygen-containing regeneration fluid to heat and reactivate the catalyst. The heated, regenerated catalyst forms at least a port of the catalyst stream for the process. A process for cyclizing paraffins or isomerizing cyclopentanes is also described. The process uses a chloride-free Pt/Ga-containing catalyst to form a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon or isomerizing a cyclopentane in the presence of the chloride-free Pt/Ga-containing catalyst to form a cyclohexane.

A fluidized reforming process comprising a two stage fluidized reforming reactor is described. A naphtha stream flows upward through the two fluidized stages and contacts the catalyst forming a product stream and spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is separated from the product stream and the naphtha feed stream. Some of the spent catalyst is regenerated by contact with an oxygen-containing regeneration fluid to heat and reactivate the catalyst. The heated, regenerated catalyst forms at least a port of the catalyst stream for the process. A process for cyclizing paraffins or isomerizing cyclopentanes is also described. The process uses a chloride-free Pt/Ga-containing catalyst to form a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon or isomerizing a cyclopentane in the presence of the chloride-free Pt/Ga-containing catalyst to form a cyclohexane.

Method for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons includes a cracking and reforming reaction step of obtaining products containing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms and a heavy fraction having 9 or more carbon atoms by bringing the feedstock oil into contact with a catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing crystalline aluminosilicate to cause a reaction, a catalyst separation step of separating and removing the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons together with tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in the products from a mixture of the products and a small amount of the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons carried by the products, both of which are derived in the cracking and reforming reaction step, and a purification and recovery step of purifying and recovering the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms which are separated from the products formed in the cracking and reforming reaction step.

Method for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons includes a cracking and reforming reaction step of obtaining products containing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms and a heavy fraction having 9 or more carbon atoms by bringing the feedstock oil into contact with a catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing crystalline aluminosilicate to cause a reaction, a catalyst separation step of separating and removing the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons together with tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in the products from a mixture of the products and a small amount of the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons carried by the products, both of which are derived in the cracking and reforming reaction step, and a purification and recovery step of purifying and recovering the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms which are separated from the products formed in the cracking and reforming reaction step.

Aromatic compounds are prepared from a feed stream comprising biomass or a mixture of biomass and synthetic polymer in a process, comprising: a) subjecting the feed stream to a pyrolysis treatment in the presence of a cracking catalyst to yield a vaporous fraction comprising hydrocarbons with olefinic unsaturation and oxygen containing organic compounds and coke-laden cracking catalyst; b) separating the vaporous fraction from the coke-laden cracking catalyst; c) contacting the vaporous fraction with a second, aromatization catalyst in a conversion treatment to yield a conversion product comprising aromatic compounds; and d) recovering aromatic compounds from the conversion product, wherein the cracking catalyst is a naturally occurring material, selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts, refractory oxides, minerals, industrial rock and mixtures thereof.

Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon. The process can include contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feed with fluidized catalyst particles that can include a Group 8-10 element or a compound thereof disposed on a support to effect one or more of dehydrogenation, dehydroaromatization, and dehydrocyclization of at least a portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed to produce a coked catalyst and an effluent. The process can also include contacting at least a portion of the coked catalyst particles with an oxidant to effect combustion of at least a portion of the coke to produce regenerated catalyst particles. The process can also include contacting an additional quantity of the hydrocarbon-containing feed with at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst particles to produce additional effluent and re-coked catalyst particles.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material and any two or more metals loaded in the porous support structure selected from Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material and any two or more metals loaded in the porous support structure selected from Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material. Any two or more metals are loaded in the porous support structure, the two or more metals selected from the group consisting of Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce, where each metal loaded in the porous support structure is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %. In example embodiments, the catalyst structure includes three or more of the metals loaded in the porous support structure. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material. Any two or more metals are loaded in the porous support structure, the two or more metals selected from the group consisting of Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce, where each metal loaded in the porous support structure is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %. In example embodiments, the catalyst structure includes three or more of the metals loaded in the porous support structure. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.