A process for estimating catalyst performance of catalyst used in refinery reforming processes for converting naphtha to gasoline. More in particular, the catalyst to be investigated is subjected to analysis in parallel over time at a temperature to achieve a desired RON on yield of e.g. C5+, for at least two different reaction times. The reactions are terminated after which coke deposition is determined, and relationships of coke deposition and yield, both as a function of reaction temperature for the catalyst used are established, thereby enabling comparison of catalyst performance as determined by a yield-temperature relationship at a given coke deposition degree.

An apparatus and a method are used for investigating the naphtha reforming process in catalyst test devices with reactors arranged in parallel. The apparatus has a plurality of reactors arranged in parallel with reaction chambers (R1, R2, . . . ), a product fluid supply, a process control, and at least one analysis unit. Each individual reactor has an outlet line for the product fluid stream, wherein the analysis unit is operatively connected to each outlet line for the product fluid stream and the apparatus is functionally connected to the control of the apparatus. In carrying out the method, naphtha-containing reactant fluid streams are brought into contact with catalysts in the individual reactors and the product fluid streams are subsequently supplied to the online analysis unit from the respective outlet lines of the individual reactors and analyzed. Using the evaluation of the online analytical characterization data, the process parameters of the respective reactor unit are adapted. The process steps of analytical characterization, evaluation, and adaptation of process parameters are repeated for the duration of the investigation.

A method for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment, comprising removing at least a portion of the coke deposit from the internal surface using a flexible pig comprising a plurality of bristles, without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface of the process equipment. A flexible pig for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface, comprising a flexible body formed of a polymeric material, and a plurality of bristles partially encapsulated by the polymeric material of the flexible body.

A method for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment, comprising removing at least a portion of the coke deposit from the internal surface using a flexible pig comprising a plurality of bristles, without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface of the process equipment. A flexible pig for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface, comprising a flexible body formed of a polymeric material, and a plurality of bristles partially encapsulated by the polymeric material of the flexible body.

Disclosed are a method and apparatus of predicting properties of feed and products in a reformer. The method of predicting properties of feed and products in a reformer includes training a first predictive model for predicting the properties of feed in the reformer and a second predictive model for predicting the properties of products in the reformer; predicting the properties of feed being currently supplied to the reactor in real time by allowing a first prediction unit including the trained first prediction model to receive a current operating condition of the reactor in the reformer; and predicting the properties of products being produced in the reactor in real time by allowing a second prediction unit including the trained second prediction model to receive the current operating condition and the predicted properties of feed.

Disclosed are a method and apparatus for controlling a reactor in a reformer. According to an embodiment, a method of controlling a reactor in a reformer includes training a first prediction model for predicting properties of feed in a reformer and a second prediction model for predicting properties of products in the reformer; predicting the properties of feed being currently supplied to a reactor set in real time by allowing a first prediction unit including the trained first prediction model to receive a current operating condition of the reactor set in the reformer; predicting the properties of products being produced in the reactor set in real time by allowing a second prediction unit including the trained second prediction model to receive the current operating condition and the predicted properties of feed; calculating a amount of temperature fluctuation to be applied to each reactor as a control signal for controlling each of the reactors of the reactor set based on the predicted properties of products; and controlling an operating temperature of each of the reactors based on the calculated amount of temperature fluctuation.

A method and a system for the real-time optimization of a molecular-level device, and a storage medium are described. The method includes: inputting molecular composition of petroleum processing feedstocks into a pre-trained product prediction model to obtain a predicted molecular composition of corresponding predicted products and a predicted molecular content of each single molecule; determining whether the predicted product meets a preset standard for a target product; if the predicted product does not meet any preset standard for a target product, adjusting an operation parameter in the product prediction model, to re-obtain the predicted molecular composition and the predicted molecular content, until the preset standard is met. By means of the present disclosure, molecular-level integral simulation and real-time optimization of the molecular-level device from the feedstocks to the product processing process are achieved, and the precision and production efficiency are improved.

An optimization method and system for a whole process of molecular-level oil refinery processing and a storage medium are described. According to an embodiment, for mixed products obtained by prediction from simulation of a molecular-level crude oil processing process, when physical properties of any mixed product do not meet any preset standard, or when a target parameter of the mixed products does not meet a preset condition, the proportion of different fractions entering respective petroleum processing device, an operating parameter in a product prediction model, and a mixing rule for mixing predicted products are adjusted, and the mixed products are re-obtained, until the product properties meet any preset standard and the target parameter meets the preset condition. Final predicted products are predicted by adjusting the proportion of fractions for secondary processing, and the production efficiency is improved by means of the simulation optimization of a production process.

A method and apparatus for processing a hydrocarbon stream are described. The method includes heating a feed stream in a convective bank. The heated feed stream is reacted in a first reaction zone to form a first effluent, which is heated in a first radiant cell. The first radiant cell combusts fuel to heat the first effluent and forms a first exhaust gas. The first exhaust gas is contacted with the convective bank to heat the feed stream. The outlet temperature the heated feed stream from the convective bank is controlled by introducing an additional gas stream into the convective bank. There can be additional reaction zones and radiant heaters.

A method for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment, comprising removing at least a portion of the coke deposit from the internal surface using a flexible pig comprising a plurality of bristles, without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface of the process equipment. A flexible pig for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface, comprising a flexible body formed of a polymeric material, and a plurality of bristles partially encapsulated by the polymeric material of the flexible body.