A pyrolysis gas reforming system is provided. The pyrolysis gas reforming system includes a pyrolysis unit configured to perform pyrolysis of waste, an oil-gas separation unit configured to separate a product generated by the pyrolysis unit into oil and gas, a pyrolysis gas purification unit configured to refine pyrolysis gas generated through the separation by the oil-gas separation unit, a pyrolysis gas reforming unit configured to generate synthesis gas by reforming the pyrolysis gas purified by the pyrolysis gas purification unit, a hydrogen gas shift reaction unit configured to convert carbon monoxide contained in the synthesis gas generated by the pyrolysis gas reforming unit into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and a hydrogen separation unit configured to separate hydrogen from the synthesis gas discharged from the hydrogen gas shift reaction unit, wherein combustion gas generated by a burner of the pyrolysis gas reforming unit and used to supply heat to the pyrolysis gas reforming unit is used to supply heat to the pyrolysis unit.

A system for producing biocoal and biochar includes at least one rotary compression unit (RCU) having a barrel, a compression screw housed within the barrel, a feed for receiving biomass and at least one exit for releasing biochar and gasses formed in the RCU. A first exit stream is produced that includes biochar and a portion of the remaining gasses, and a second exit stream is produced that includes biocoal. A gas crossover is provided that connects the first and second exit stream having a mechanism for transporting gasses from the first exit stream to the second exit stream thereby condensing a portion of the remaining gasses into the biocoal. In one form two RCUs are included connected to two condensers.

The present disclosure provides a process for cleaning raw product gas. The process includes contacting the raw product gas with a flow of catalyst to reform organic contaminants and inorganic contaminants in the raw product gas and to remove particulates. Further, the process includes cooling the resulting product gas via heat exchange with a heat exchange medium in the presence of char or a solid adsorbent medium to condense remaining organic contaminants and inorganic contaminants on the char or solid adsorbent medium and to filter out fine particulates.

A process for producing products from biomass comprises pyrolysing biomass at a selected temperature and producing a bio-syngas, processing bio-syngas from pyrolysis step (a) to remove condensable constituents from the bio-syngas, and processing the non-condensable bio-syngas from bio-syngas processing step (b) and producing one or more than one product, such as bio-fuels, bio-chemicals, bio-solvents and bio-plastics.

Combining multiple subsystems involving biomass processing, biomass gasification of the processed biomass where a synthesis gas is produced then converted to hydrogen fuels or other transportation fuels for use in coupled transportation systems sized to consume all the transportation fuel produced. Carbon in the biomass is converted to CO.sub.2 in the conversion process and a portion of that CO.sub.2 is captured and sequestrated for long term storage.

A technique, method and system for drying a solid waste stream in a pyrolysis recycling installation, including drying the waste stream in a first dryer, feeding the partially dried waste stream from the first dryer to a second dryer, further drying the waste stream in the second dryer to produce a dried waste stream, and feeding the dried waste stream from the second dryer to a pyrolysis unit, wherein the first and second dryers dry the waste stream primarily, or exclusively, using heat generated from the pyrolysis unit.

Disclosed is a method for reducing the tar content in pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolysis reactor (1). The method comprises the steps of: guiding the pyrolysis gas through a filter (2) to remove at least 90% of all the particles in the pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 7μ and preferably down to 4μ from the pyrolysis gas, partially oxidizing the pyrolysis gas in a partial oxidation reactor (3) to remove tar from the pyrolysis gas, and guiding the pyrolysis gas through a coke bed (4) to further remove tar from the pyrolysis gas. Furthermore, a two-stage gasifier (6) is disclosed.

Methods and systems for processing construction and demolition (C&D) materials to produce a product gas stream and/or electricity are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the method comprises pre-processing C&D materials to produce a C&D feed, and processing the C&D feed to produce syngas. The C&D feed can comprise untreated wood, treated wood, paper and cardboard, yard waste, plastic, rubber, and/or foam. Processing the C&D feed can comprise gasifying the C&D feed, steam, and oxygen in a gasifier at a temperature of no more than 950° C. and/or a pressure of no more than 200 psi to produce syngas.

A system and process for producing synthetic gas from solid fuel comprising waste material, municipal solid waste or biomass, and for upgrading the synthetic gas produced. The system and process utilizes a first thermal chamber having a gasification zone in which a fuel stream is gasified by thermal oxidation to produce a first synthetic gas stream and heat; a pyrolysis reactor housed within the first thermal chamber where fuel undergoes pyrolysis to produce a second synthetic gas stream; and a thermal catalytic reactor comprising a second thermal chamber having a catalyst chamber within with a selected catalyst. The first synthetic gas stream is completely thermally oxidized to produce high temperature flue gas that imparts heat to the catalyst chamber in which the second synthetic gas stream is thermally cracked and directed over the catalyst to yield a finished gas or liquid product having a desired chemical composition as determined by the selected catalyst.

Apparatus and process for producing hydrocarbons from biomass having a pyrolysis reactor (2) in which dry biomass (Bd) is heated in an environment substantially free from oxygen and halogens, a pyrolysis product (PP) and char (C) is produced, a gasification reactor (3) in which separated char (C) is heated in an environment containing steam (Wst) to reduce the char (C) to produce a synthesis gas (Sh), a gas cooler (4) in which the produced synthesis gas (Sh) is cooled to a cooled synthesis gas (Srt); a conditioning and pressure system (5) in which cooled synthesis gas (Srt) is refined to produce a purified synthesis gas (Sp), and a separation device (6) in which hydrogen gas (H2) is separated from purified synthesis gas (Sp). A hydrogenation device (7) into which pyrolysis oil (PO) retrieved from the pyrolysis product (PP) and separated hydrogen gas (H2) recuperated from the separation device (6) are introduced for hydrogenation in which pyrolysis oil (PO) is hydrogenated by the presence of hydrogen gas (H2), and hydrocarbons (BO) that are substantially free from oxygen are produced.