The present invention relates to an aqueous pour point depressant dispersion composition comprising an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA); a dispersing agent; a polyethoxylated nonionic surfactant, a low level of hydrocarbon solvent, water; optionally one or more of an aqueous freezing point depressant, a stabilizing agent, or a basic metal substance and a method to use said composition.

An emulsifying dispersant includes, as the main component, vesicles formed from an amphiphilic substance capable of self-assembly or an emulsifying dispersant comprising single particles of a biopolymer as the main component. The particles made from amphiphilic substances capable of self-assembly are used. The amphiphilic substances are selected from among polyoxyethylene-hydrogenated castor oil derivatives wherein the average number of added ethylene oxide molecule is 5 to 15, dialkyldimethyl-ammonium halides wherein the chain length of the alkyl or alkenyl is 8 to 22, and phospholipids or phospholipid derivatives. According to the invention a three-phase structure composed of an aqueous phase, an emulsifying dispersant phase and an oil phase is formed on the surface of an emulsion to give an emulsion (such as emulsion fuel) excellent in thermal stability and long-term stability.

Method for reducing intake valve deposits in a spark ignition internal combustion engine which is fuelled with a gasoline fuel composition, wherein the method comprises introducing into the engine an aqueous based composition, wherein the aqueous based composition comprises (i) water, (ii) from 0 vol % to 40 vol % freezing point suppression agent, (iii) from 0 vol % to 10 vol % of surfactant, and (iv) an amine compound in a blending amount of from 0 ppmw to 1000 ppmw.

Described are methods for shortening the combustion delay of ammonia fuels and reducing the amount of NO formed during the combustion process. The methods include mixing ammonia with hydrogen peroxide and water to form a fuel mixture and then combusting the fuel mixture. Methods of powering an internal combustion engine with ammonia fuels are also described.

An electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines for a production of hydrogen concentrations by a hydrogen generation device. A method of making the electrolyte includes weighing sodium borohydride, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydride; adding the sodium hydroxide and the potassium hydride to deionized water to make a first composition; mixing the first composition; adding the sodium borohydride to the first composition to make a second composition; adding more deionized water to the second composition to make a basic electrolyte solution; diluting the basic electrolyte solution by adding more deionized water to make a third composition; and adding approximately 3 to 10 mL of sodium borohydride approximately 4.4008 M to the third composition to make an electrolyte having a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M.

The present invention provides a spark ignition fuel mixture, comprising: a) diethyl ether with a content from 33.3 to 50 vol % of the mixture; b) ethanol with a content of at least 27 vol % of the mixture; and c) water with a content of at least 6 vol % of the mixture and not exceeding the ethanol content; wherein the mixture remains in a form of homogeneous liquid at −40° C. The present invention also provides a method of making or handling the spark ignition fuel mixture.

The invention relates to aqueous polymer dispersions comprising at least one polymer obtainable by the reaction of at least one monomer M1 of the general formula (I): H.sub.2C═CH—C(O)OR, wherein R is an unbranched alkyl chain comprising from 18 to 22 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one monomer M2. The invention relates moreover to a method for the preparing of such aqueous polymer dispersion and the use thereof as pour point depressant for crude oil, petroleum, and petroleum products.

A fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines has a fuel component, an alcohol component, a water component, a microemulsion blend, and a cetane-enhancer component. The microemulsion blend includes at least one of lower grade fatty acid derivatives being present in an amount effective for the fuel, alcohol, and water components to form a microemulsion blend. The emulsifier is present in an amount effective for the biodiesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier to form an emulsion.

Motor fuel compositions containing ethanol, also known as gasohol, are disclosed, wherein the motor fuel is substantially in one phase and contains, 1 to 50, preferable 2 to 30 weight % of ethanol and an amount of water between 1 and 10 wt. % on the basis of the weight of the ethanol. Such motor fuel compositions can be produced by blending gasoline with hydrous ethanol, thus evading the necessity to use anhydrous ethanol as feedstock. Furthermore such motor fuel compositions may be produced by blending gasoline with hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol, thus evading the necessity to use anhydrous ethanol as the sole feedstock. These motor fuel compositions may contain a second liquid phase that does not form a separate layer, and where no separate liquid phase can be detected by vision, and so meets with the specification that has become known as “clear and bright”.

An enhanced fuel, a method of producing such enhanced fuel, and method of using such enhanced fuel for operating internal combustion engine. The fuel includes a mixture of at least one alcohol, water and ammonium nitrate (AN) as a cetane enhancer. The water is included in a quantity which renders the ammonium nitrate dissolved in the at least one alcohol. The fuel further contains dimethylether as an ignition-improver additive, at least one lubricity agent and at least one anti-corrosion agent.