A fuel composition that provides a renewable biofuel energy source for reducing dependence on fossil fuels and improving air quality by reducing the amount of carbon monoxide released into the air during combustion. The fuel composition includes an energy crop comprising: a solid granular component being suspended in a liquid non-petroleum plant based fuel. The liquid fuel containing the granular component is efficacious in releasing copious quantities of vapor for burning. The vapor provides a more complete and efficient burn. The fuel composition further comprises an oxidizing agent for removing a plurality of electrons from the granular component during combustion, and/or an additive that imparts a change in the physical properties of the fuel composition.

The invention relates to a polymer or oligomer comprising a) An oligomeric or polymeric core comprising carbon atoms and at least one of oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms, and b) at least three hydrocarbyl terminal and/or pending groups having 12 to 100 carbon atoms, wherein the hydrocarbyl groups are linked to the core via c) a linking moiety comprising i) a urethane group and ii) a group selected from urethane group, urea group, and biuret group.

An automotive engine oil and/or fuel comprising a base stock and an organic polymeric friction reducing additive is claimed. A method of reducing friction in an automotive engine oil and/or fuel by the addition of the organic polymeric friction reducing additive to the base stock is also claimed.

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

The present invention relates to a nitrogen-containing terpolymer biodiesel solidification point depressant, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: 1) respectively preparing methylacrylic acid high carbon ester and N-hexadecyl methacrylamide; 2) adding the methylacrylic acid high carbon ester, the N-hexadecyl methacrylamide, and vinyl acetate to a solvent, and adding an initiator for polymerization to yield a methylacrylic acid high carbon ester-N-hexadecyl methacrylamide-vinyl acetate terpolymer, i.e., a nitrogen-containing terpolymer biodiesel solidification point depressant. Compared with the prior art, the nitrogen-containing terpolymer biodiesel solidification point depressant of the present invention solves the problem of poor compatibility of single methylacrylic acid depressants, N-hexadecyl methacrylamide and vinyl acetate are introduced to extend the composition of the depressant and improve a solidification point depression effect, the preparation process of the depressant is simple, and the experimental operation is convenient.

The present invention relates to a low-temperature additive for fuel oils having a sulfur content of less than 50 ppm, comprising i) at least one oil-soluble amide-ammonium salt of a polycarboxylic acid with a mono- and/or dialkylamine (A) and ii) 5-100% by weight, based on the amount of amide-ammonium salt (A), of an oil-soluble amine (B), and iii) 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, based on the amount of amide-ammonium salt (A), of a resin formed from at least one aromatic compound bearing an alkyl radical and an aldehyde and/or ketone (D).

Provided is a composition comprising at least one polymer, the repeat unit of which comprises at least one amide functional group, at least one polyetheramine with a weight-average molecular weight (M.sub.w) of greater than 100 g.mo1.sup.−1 and exhibiting at least two secondary and/or tertiary amine functional groups, and optionally, but preferably, at least one organic solvent. Also provided is method of using of the composition for delaying, indeed even preventing, the formation of gas hydrates, in particular in a process for extracting oil and/or gas and/or condensates, and also to the process for delaying, indeed even preventing, the formation and/or the agglomeration of gas hydrates, employing a composition as defined above.

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

A fuel additive composition has a base fuel; colloidal nanocarbon particles, and a dispersion stabilizer that aids in stably suspending the colloidal nanocarbon particles in the base fuel. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Provided is a composition comprising at least one polymer, the repeat unit of which comprises at least one amide functional group, at least one polyetheramine with a weight-average molecular weight (M.sub.W) of greater than 100 g.mol.sup.1 and exhibiting at least two secondary and/or tertiary amine functional groups, and optionally, but preferably, at least one organic solvent. Also provided is method of using of the composition for delaying, indeed even preventing, the formation of gas hydrates, in particular in a process for extracting oil and/or gas and/or condensates, and also to the process for delaying, indeed even preventing, the formation and/or the agglomeration of gas hydrates, employing a composition as defined above.