Proposed is a pretreatment desulfurization method for marine fuel oil. The method includes a step of preparing a pretreatment desulfurization agent including (a) at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, MnO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and P2O3, (b) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Cd, and Pb, and (c) at least one liquid composition selected from the group consisting of sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7.10H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The method also includes a step of feeding the pretreatment desulfurization agent to a fuel supply line through which marine fuel oil is supplied to a marine engine at a certain ratio so that a fluid mixture containing the marine fuel oil and the pretreatment desulfurization agent is supplied to the marine engine, thereby adsorbing and removing sulfur oxides during combustion of the fluid mixture.

Proposed is a pretreatment desulfurization method for marine fuel oil. The method includes a step of preparing a pretreatment desulfurization agent including (a) at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, MnO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and P2O3, (b) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Cd, and Pb, and (c) at least one liquid composition selected from the group consisting of sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7.10H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The method also includes a step of feeding the pretreatment desulfurization agent to a fuel supply line through which marine fuel oil is supplied to a marine engine at a certain ratio so that a fluid mixture containing the marine fuel oil and the pretreatment desulfurization agent is supplied to the marine engine, thereby adsorbing and removing sulfur oxides during combustion of the fluid mixture.

The object of the present invention is a fuel composition comprising: (i) from 50 to 79% by mass of a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising: a) from 35 to 55% by mass of aromatic compounds; b) from 30 to 50% by mass of non-cyclic paraffins containing at least 5 carbon atoms; and c) from 5 to 15% by mass of naphthenes; (ii) from 20 to 40% by mass of one or more ethers; and (iii) from 1 to 10% by mass of butane.

This composition is useful for supplying a controlled-ignition engine, in automobile vehicles intended for general-public applications or for competition.

The object of the present invention is a fuel composition comprising: (i) from 50 to 79% by mass of a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising: a) from 35 to 55% by mass of aromatic compounds; b) from 30 to 50% by mass of non-cyclic paraffins containing at least 5 carbon atoms; and c) from 5 to 15% by mass of naphthenes; (ii) from 20 to 40% by mass of one or more ethers; and (iii) from 1 to 10% by mass of butane.

This composition is useful for supplying a controlled-ignition engine, in automobile vehicles intended for general-public applications or for competition.

A process for producing a microemulsion or nanoemulsion comprising water and at least one hydrocarbon or oil, comprising the steps of: a) providing the hydrocarbon or oil, water, one or more additives, a solvent, and a hydrophilic surfactant formulation comprising an amine or amide derivative non-ionic surfactant which is a fatty acid alkanolamide, one or more ethoxylated alcohols and/or ethoxylated alkylphenols, and a non-ionic fatty acid ester; b) by a mixing or stirring device operating at a mixing or stirring speed in the range 100 rpm and 15000 rpm, mixing or stirring the hydrophilic surfactant formulation and additive into the solvent, to produce a hydrophilic self-emulsifying blend; c) adding water to the hydrophilic self-emulsifying blend and the hydrocarbon or oil to produce a water-in-hydrocarbon/oil microemulsion or nanoemulsion, wherein the microemulsion or nanoemulsion comprises: 46% or more by mass of the hydrocarbon or oil, 4% to 36% by mass of water, a mass ratio of hydrophilic surfactant formulation to water in the range 1:10 to 1:2, 0.1% to 5% by mass of additive, 1.2% or more by mass of the solvent, a dispersed particle size in the range 1 nm to 500 nm, and a polydispersity index of 35% PdI or less, wherein the percentages by mass of the hydrocarbon or oil, water, formulation, additive and solvent together add up to 100%.

A process for producing a microemulsion or nanoemulsion comprising water and at least one hydrocarbon or oil, comprising the steps of: a) providing the hydrocarbon or oil, water, one or more additives, a solvent, and a hydrophilic surfactant formulation comprising an amine or amide derivative non-ionic surfactant which is a fatty acid alkanolamide, one or more ethoxylated alcohols and/or ethoxylated alkylphenols, and a non-ionic fatty acid ester; b) by a mixing or stirring device operating at a mixing or stirring speed in the range 100 rpm and 15000 rpm, mixing or stirring the hydrophilic surfactant formulation and additive into the solvent, to produce a hydrophilic self-emulsifying blend; c) adding water to the hydrophilic self-emulsifying blend and the hydrocarbon or oil to produce a water-in-hydrocarbon/oil microemulsion or nanoemulsion, wherein the microemulsion or nanoemulsion comprises: 46% or more by mass of the hydrocarbon or oil, 4% to 36% by mass of water, a mass ratio of hydrophilic surfactant formulation to water in the range 1:10 to 1:2, 0.1% to 5% by mass of additive, 1.2% or more by mass of the solvent, a dispersed particle size in the range 1 nm to 500 nm, and a polydispersity index of 35% PdI or less, wherein the percentages by mass of the hydrocarbon or oil, water, formulation, additive and solvent together add up to 100%.

The inventive technology includes methods and apparatus for the generation and application of segregated catalytic additives for the pre-combustion treatment of carbonaceous fuel and/or feedstocks. The application of such segregated additives results in the reduction of environmentally harmful emissions during combustion as well as gasification processes. Specifically, pre-combustion treatment of carbonaceous materials with the inventive additives results in the reduction of NOx and/or mercury emissions by least 20% and 40% respectively.

The inventive technology includes methods and apparatus for the generation and application of segregated catalytic additives for the pre-combustion treatment of carbonaceous fuel and/or feedstocks. The application of such segregated additives results in the reduction of environmentally harmful emissions during combustion as well as gasification processes. Specifically, pre-combustion treatment of carbonaceous materials with the inventive additives results in the reduction of NOx and/or mercury emissions by least 20% and 40% respectively.

The invention relates to a device for the fuel treatment such as petrol or diesel for internal combustion engines. The device has a housing provided with fuel supply lines at each of its opposite ends thereof. A central opening in the tubular housing that contains a metal bar that is formed of an alloy composition including copper, zinc, tin, manganese, aluminum, and iron. And the liquid fuel circulates through the fuel line in the housing where the metal center bar displaces to the second liquid fuel line.

The invention relates to a device for the fuel treatment such as petrol or diesel for internal combustion engines. The device has a housing provided with fuel supply lines at each of its opposite ends thereof. A central opening in the tubular housing that contains a metal bar that is formed of an alloy composition including copper, zinc, tin, manganese, aluminum, and iron. And the liquid fuel circulates through the fuel line in the housing where the metal center bar displaces to the second liquid fuel line.