A method of producing a coal blend by blending plural brands of coal to produce a coal blend includes letting a surface tension of coal when inert material is assumed to be 100 vol % be γ.sub.100, and letting a surface tension of coal when reactive material is assumed to be 100 vol % be γ.sub.0, determining γ.sub.0 of coal; among brands of coal 1, 2, . . . i, . . . , and n to be blended in a coal blend, specifying coal i in which γ.sub.100 is outside of γ.sub.0; measuring TI of coal i; and determining a blending ratio of coal i such that w calculated by formula (1) is 20.4 mass % or less

w=Σ(xi×TIi)  (1).

A method of producing a coal blend by blending plural brands of coal to produce a coal blend includes letting a surface tension of coal when inert material is assumed to be 100 vol % be γ.sub.100, and letting a surface tension of coal when reactive material is assumed to be 100 vol % be γ.sub.0, determining γ.sub.0 of coal; among brands of coal 1, 2, . . . i, . . . , and n to be blended in a coal blend, specifying coal i in which γ.sub.100 is outside of γ.sub.0; measuring TI of coal i; and determining a blending ratio of coal i such that w calculated by formula (1) is 20.4 mass % or less

w=Σ(xi×TIi)  (1).

A method of processing raw coal using activation agents (e.g., solvents and extractants) in a high shear reactor, which creates high shearing forces to break apart the coal and selectively extract and remove contaminants such as ash, sulfur, and other heavy metal impurities resulting in clean, high caloric-value coal.

The disclosure relates to fuel additive compositions including heavy paraffinic distillates and lighter petroleum distillates, in particular with the heavy paraffinic distillates including a mixture of hydrotreated and/or saturated components and solvent-dewaxed and/or branched components. The disclosure further relates to fuel compositions including the fuel additive composition and a liquid or solid combustible fuel. Related methods include methods of making the fuel compositions and methods of burning the fuel compositions. The resulting fuel compositions have several improved combustion properties such as improved combustion efficiency, improved combustion energy/calorie content, reduced sulfur generation, and reduced ash generation.

The disclosure relates to fuel additive compositions including heavy paraffinic distillates and lighter petroleum distillates, in particular with the heavy paraffinic distillates including a mixture of hydrotreated and/or saturated components and solvent-dewaxed and/or branched components. The disclosure further relates to fuel compositions including the fuel additive composition and a liquid or solid combustible fuel. Related methods include methods of making the fuel compositions and methods of burning the fuel compositions. The resulting fuel compositions have several improved combustion properties such as improved combustion efficiency, improved combustion energy/calorie content, reduced sulfur generation, and reduced ash generation.

The present invention relates to a process for forming a fuel pellet, based on using a particular formula for making the fuel pellets. The process for forming a fuel pellet comprising of the following steps:

providing a particulate carbonaceous material having a particle size of <1 mm;

admixing the particulate carbonaceous material with a polysaccharide or a polyvinyl alcohol binder, and a crosslinker;

shaping the so-formed mixture to provide the fuel pellet.

Processes for upgrading of a coal product and preparing of a purified coal product are provided. The process comprises the steps of: (i) providing a purified coal composition, wherein the composition is in the form of solid particles, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% vol) of the solid particles are no greater than about 500 μm in diameter; and (ii) combining the purified coal composition with a solid coal feedstock, in order to create a combined solid-solid blend upgraded coal product.

Processes for upgrading of a coal product and preparing of a purified coal product are provided. The process comprises the steps of: (i) providing a purified coal composition, wherein the composition is in the form of solid particles, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% vol) of the solid particles are no greater than about 500 μm in diameter; and (ii) combining the purified coal composition with a solid coal feedstock, in order to create a combined solid-solid blend upgraded coal product.

A method of operating an iron making installation is provided, in which waste material is dried using a drying gas, the drying gas including an exhaust gas from a sinter plant, and the dried material is roasted a roasting gas, so as to produce coal and a roasting exhaust gas. An associated installation is also provided.

A method of operating an iron making installation is provided, in which waste material is dried using a drying gas, the drying gas including an exhaust gas from a sinter plant, and the dried material is roasted a roasting gas, so as to produce coal and a roasting exhaust gas. An associated installation is also provided.