A mixture for a natural fuel package is provided, having essentially a mass of combustible wood particles and particles of organs of a plant in the Cinnamomum genus as constituents which are bonded by compression, whereby upon ignition the said particles undergo decomposition to liberate the moisture, releasing an aromatic cinnamon fragrance and flavor which can be inhaled by persons present at the time of burning and tasted or consumed through the food cooked on such fuel resulting in medicinal and therapeutic effects.

In some variations, the invention provides a biocarbon pellet comprising: 35 wt % to 99 wt % of a biogenic reagent, wherein the biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis, at least 60 wt % carbon; 0 wt % to 35 wt % water moisture; and 1 wt % to 30 wt % of a binder, wherein the biocarbon pellet is characterized by an adjustable Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) from about 30 to about 120, as shown in the Examples. The pellet HGI is adjustable by controlling process conditions and the pellet binder. The binder can be an organic binder or an inorganic binder. The carbon is renewable as determined from a measurement of the .sup.14C/.sup.12C isotopic ratio. Many processes of making and using the biocarbon pellets are described. Applications of the biocarbon pellets include pulverized coal boilers, furnaces for making metals such as iron or silicon, and gasifiers for producing reducing gas.

A mixture for a natural fuel package is provided, having essentially a mass of combustible wood particles and particles of organs of a plant in the Cinnamomum genus as constituents which are bonded by compression, whereby upon ignition the said particles undergo decomposition to liberate the moisture, releasing an aromatic cinnamon fragrance and flavor which can be inhaled by persons present at the time of burning and tasted or consumed through the food cooked on such fuel resulting in medicinal and therapeutic effects.

The invention also provides a briquette comprising: (i) a particulate material; and (ii) a binder, the binder comprising (a) at least partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol and (b) an alkali metal alkyl siliconate or polyalkylsilicic acid; wherein the particulate material is selected from a carbonaceous material, metal, metal ore, mineral waste or a mixture thereof.

The invention also provides a briquette comprising: (i) a particulate material; and (ii) a binder, the binder comprising (a) at least partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol and (b) an alkali metal alkyl siliconate or polyalkylsilicic acid; wherein the particulate material is selected from a carbonaceous material, metal, metal ore, mineral waste or a mixture thereof.

The invention provides a solid material for generating a flow of oxygen, the solid material comprising a chemical mixture for generating said flow of oxygen, the chemical mixture comprising as chemical components: 1-25% w/w of a self-sustaining decomposition additive, wherein the decomposition additive is selected from the group of copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), cobalt oxides (Co.sub.2O.sub.3 and Co.sub.3O.sub.4), copper oxide (CuO), iron oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), zinc oxide (ZnO), manganese oide (MnO), manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2), chrome (Cr), chrome oxides, titanium, titanium oxides, and combinations thereof; 65-97% w/w of an oxygen generating component, wherein the oxygen generating component is selected from the group of alkali chlorates and alkali perchlorates, and alkali superoxides; 2-5% w/w of an inorganic binder; wherein said weight percentages are based upon the weight of the total solid material, wherein said solid material has a skeletal density of 2.8-3.5 g/cm.sup.3, wherein said solid material has a porosity of 30-50%, and wherein in said chemical mixture components are provided as particles having a volume particle size distribution having its peak between 5 and 100 μm.

The invention provides a solid material for generating a flow of oxygen, the solid material comprising a chemical mixture for generating said flow of oxygen, the chemical mixture comprising as chemical components: 1-25% w/w of a self-sustaining decomposition additive, wherein the decomposition additive is selected from the group of copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), cobalt oxides (Co.sub.2O.sub.3 and Co.sub.3O.sub.4), copper oxide (CuO), iron oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), zinc oxide (ZnO), manganese oide (MnO), manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2), chrome (Cr), chrome oxides, titanium, titanium oxides, and combinations thereof; 65-97% w/w of an oxygen generating component, wherein the oxygen generating component is selected from the group of alkali chlorates and alkali perchlorates, and alkali superoxides; 2-5% w/w of an inorganic binder; wherein said weight percentages are based upon the weight of the total solid material, wherein said solid material has a skeletal density of 2.8-3.5 g/cm.sup.3, wherein said solid material has a porosity of 30-50%, and wherein in said chemical mixture components are provided as particles having a volume particle size distribution having its peak between 5 and 100 μm.

In some variations, the invention provides a biocarbon pellet comprising: 35 wt % to 99 wt % of a biogenic reagent, wherein the biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis, at least 60 wt % carbon; 0 wt % to 35 wt % water moisture; and 1 wt % to 30 wt % of a binder, wherein the biocarbon pellet is characterized by an adjustable Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) from about 30 to about 120, as shown in the Examples. The pellet HGI is adjustable by controlling process conditions and the pellet binder. The binder can be an organic binder or an inorganic binder. The carbon is renewable as determined from a measurement of the .sup.14C/.sup.12C isotopic ratio. Many processes of making and using the biocarbon pellets are described. Applications of the biocarbon pellets include pulverized coal boilers, furnaces for making metals such as iron or silicon, and gasifiers for producing reducing gas.

In some variations, the invention provides a biocarbon pellet comprising: 35 wt % to 99 wt % of a biogenic reagent, wherein the biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis, at least 60 wt % carbon; 0 wt % to 35 wt % water moisture; and 1 wt % to 30 wt % of a binder, wherein the biocarbon pellet is characterized by an adjustable Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) from about 30 to about 120, as shown in the Examples. The pellet HGI is adjustable by controlling process conditions and the pellet binder. The binder can be an organic binder or an inorganic binder. The carbon is renewable as determined from a measurement of the .sup.14C/.sup.12C isotopic ratio. Many processes of making and using the biocarbon pellets are described. Applications of the biocarbon pellets include pulverized coal boilers, furnaces for making metals such as iron or silicon, and gasifiers for producing reducing gas.

Low carbon atomic number mixed alcohol gel paste or pancake and straw charcoal grate combination of ignition agent, with fossil fuels such as bituminous coal lignite, straw branches and other agricultural and forestry waste, polyolefin and other synthetic organic polymer waste, other combustible solid and semi-solid low-value raw fuels, with non-toxic auxiliary materials carefully crafted high volatile column ignition coal and lower coal, are stacked in the insulation—fire-resistant furnace core. Throw in a small strip of burning paper to ignite the igniter from the top, that is, start long flame combustion, followed by the ignition coal on fire, its surface red hot coal layer will be designed to move down more quickly and gradually, to the lower coal on fire.