A method for producing a lubricant in producing an overbased calcium sulfonate, which is converted from the vaterite form into the calcite form and, finally, a calcium sulfonate grease is produced by heating the mixture. A lubricant may comprise at least one ester composition, calcium carbonate and at least one overbased alkylbenzene sulfonate. The basicity of the mixture is limited during the preparation of the overbased calcium sulfonate to a TBN of at most 550 mg KOH/g and during the conversion of the calcium sulfonate to a TBN of at most 450 mg KOH/g. Both the calcium sulfonate and the grease containing said calcium sulfonate may be produced exclusively on an ester basis, so that the end product does not contain any mineral oil and is therefore easily and completely biodegradable.

A method for producing a lubricant in producing an overbased calcium sulfonate, which is converted from the vaterite form into the calcite form and, finally, a calcium sulfonate grease is produced by heating the mixture. A lubricant may comprise at least one ester composition, calcium carbonate and at least one overbased alkylbenzene sulfonate. The basicity of the mixture is limited during the preparation of the overbased calcium sulfonate to a TBN of at most 550 mg KOH/g and during the conversion of the calcium sulfonate to a TBN of at most 450 mg KOH/g. Both the calcium sulfonate and the grease containing said calcium sulfonate may be produced exclusively on an ester basis, so that the end product does not contain any mineral oil and is therefore easily and completely biodegradable.

An overbased calcium magnesium sulfonate grease composition and method of making such grease without using any conventional non-aqueous converting agents, such as hexylene glycol, as a pre-conversion ingredient. The addition of magnesium sulfonate as an ingredient prior to conversion appears to act as a new, non-conventional converting agent, resulting in greases with improved thickener yield and excellent dropping point.

An overbased calcium magnesium sulfonate grease composition and method of making such grease without using any conventional non-aqueous converting agents, such as hexylene glycol, as a pre-conversion ingredient. The addition of magnesium sulfonate as an ingredient prior to conversion appears to act as a new, non-conventional converting agent, resulting in greases with improved thickener yield and excellent dropping point.

An overbased calcium magnesium sulfonate grease composition and method of manufacture comprising both overbased calcium sulfonate and overbased magnesium sulfonate in a ratio range of 60:40 to 100:1. The grease is made according to any known method for making an overbased calcium sulfonate grease by using the overbased magnesium sulfonate in addition to the overbased calcium sulfonate. A portion of the magnesium sulfonate may be added prior to conversion and another portion after conversion, with or without one or more delay periods between the addition of water or other reactive ingredient and the addition of magnesium sulfonate. The grease can be made using calcium hydroxyapatite and/or added calcium carbonate as calcium containing bases for reacting with complexing acids, a non-aqueous converting agent delay method, added alkali metal hydroxide, or any combination thereof. The grease has a high dropping point and reduced thickener yield.

A lubricating oil composition, and a method of reducing LSPI events employing the lubricating oil composition, including a base oil of lubricating viscosity, and an additive composition including: one or more overbased calcium-containing detergent(s) sufficient to provide at least 500 ppmw of calcium, and a zirconium-containing nanoparticle(s) and/or one or more zirconium-containing compound(s) sufficient to provide greater than 0 ppmw to 6000 ppmw of zirconium, wherein the nanoparticles have a size of from 1 to 500 nm, as measured by Dynamic Light Scattering, an amount of one or more molybdenum-containing compound present in an amount sufficient to provide no greater than 100 ppmw of molybdenum, and wherein the additive composition has a weight ratio of ppmw of zirconium provided by the zirconium-containing nanoparticle(s) and/or the one or more zirconium-containing compound(s) to the ppmw of calcium provided by the one or more overbased-calcium-containing detergent(s) of greater than about 0.01 to less than 5.

A lubricating oil composition, and a method of reducing LSPI events employing the lubricating oil composition, including a base oil of lubricating viscosity, and an additive composition including: one or more overbased calcium-containing detergent(s) sufficient to provide at least 500 ppmw of calcium, and a zirconium-containing nanoparticle(s) and/or one or more zirconium-containing compound(s) sufficient to provide greater than 0 ppmw to 6000 ppmw of zirconium, wherein the nanoparticles have a size of from 1 to 500 nm, as measured by Dynamic Light Scattering, an amount of one or more molybdenum-containing compound present in an amount sufficient to provide no greater than 100 ppmw of molybdenum, and wherein the additive composition has a weight ratio of ppmw of zirconium provided by the zirconium-containing nanoparticle(s) and/or the one or more zirconium-containing compound(s) to the ppmw of calcium provided by the one or more overbased-calcium-containing detergent(s) of greater than about 0.01 to less than 5.

The instant disclosure relates to hydrocarbyl- (e.g., alkyl-) benzene sulfonate detergents and their salts, where the hydrocarbyl group includes moieties equivalent to 5 to 10 carbon branched polyene compounds. Such compounds and their salts are useful as lubricant additives. The detergents disclosed herein may solve at least one problem of providing anti-wear performance, frictional performance, oxidation performance, viscosity performance, and detergency.

The disclosed technology provides a lubricating composition and a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine where the lubricating composition contains an oil of lubricating viscosity, one or more metal-containing, sulfur-free, alkyl-phenol based detergents, an alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent, a polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant, and a dispersant viscosity modifier having a number average molecular weight of at least 20,000. The lubricating composition of the present invention can be formulated to have lower HTHS viscosity, and reduced phosphorous content, while providing protection against adhesive wear.

The disclosed technology provides a lubricating composition and a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine where the lubricating composition contains an oil of lubricating viscosity, one or more metal-containing, sulfur-free, alkyl-phenol based detergents, an alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent, a polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersant, and a dispersant viscosity modifier having a number average molecular weight of at least 20,000. The lubricating composition of the present invention can be formulated to have lower HTHS viscosity, and reduced phosphorous content, while providing protection against adhesive wear.