A magnetorheological fluid is provided having a reduced coefficient of friction and favorable settling characteristics. The fluid contains magnetically responsive particles, a carrier fluid, and an amine oleate salt.

Provided are an electroviscous fluid exhibiting a high ER effect and having sufficient durability, and a cylinder device. An electroviscous fluid of the present invention includes a fluid and polyurethane particles containing metal ions. The polyurethane particles have a phase separation structure of a hard segment and a soft segment, and contain an additive increasing a urethane bond forming the hard segment.

Bearing device comprising: —a first bearing surface and a second bearing surface which are moveable relative to one another and which face one another, wherein the first bearing surface and second bearing surface are separated by a bearing gap filled with a lubricant, wherein the lubricant comprises a carrier fluid and particles which respond to magnetic or electric fields, wherein said particles are suspended in the carrier fluid in the absence of magnetic or electric fields, —one or more field generators which are embedded in the first or second bearing surface, wherein the field generators are magnetic or electric field generators configured to generate a localized magnetic or electric field which is configured to locally remove the particles from suspension by exerting a field force on the particles, thereby forming a local flow obstruction on at least one of the bearing surfaces in the form of an agglomerate of previously suspended particles, wherein the local flow obstruction is configured to locally obstruct a flow of the lubricant through the bearing gap in an obstruction zone.

A system may include an output manifold that may be in fluid communication with a reservoir and that may include multiple discharge ports. Each of the discharge ports may be configured to discharge electrorheological fluid into a housing. A recovery manifold may be in fluid communication with the reservoir and include multiple recovery ports. Each of the recovery ports may be configured to receive the electrorheological fluid from a housing. A gas remover may be positioned to extract gas from the electrorheological fluid received from the recovery ports. A housing may be connected to the system, and electrorheological fluid from the system may be pumped through the housing and the gas remover.

A system may include an output manifold that may be in fluid communication with a reservoir and that may include multiple discharge ports. Each of the discharge ports may be configured to discharge electrorheological fluid into a housing. A recovery manifold may be in fluid communication with the reservoir and include multiple recovery ports. Each of the recovery ports may be configured to receive the electrorheological fluid from a housing. A gas remover may be positioned to extract gas from the electrorheological fluid received from the recovery ports. A housing may be connected to the system, and electrorheological fluid from the system may be pumped through the housing and the gas remover.

The present invention provides an electrorheological fluid, which includes a dielectric particle, a conductor particle and insulating oil, and the dielectric particle is evenly dispersed in the insulating oil; wherein the conductor particle is evenly dispersed in the insulating oil or inlaid in an interior and on a surface of the dielectric particle. The electrorheological fluid has the advantages of high shear stress, long service life, good temperature stability and small leakage current.

A task of the present invention is to provide an electro-rheological fluid composition and a cylinder device which allow a large ER effect to be obtained, while reducing a current density. An electro-rheological fluid composition (8) of the present invention includes a fluid (32) and a particle (28) having an ion conductivity, the particle (28) having the ion conductivity has a first layer (29) forming a surface of the particle (28) and a second layer (30) forming a part of the particle (28) interior to the first layer (29), and an ion conductivity of the first layer (29) is lower than an ion conductivity of the second layer (30).

A magnetorheological fluid is provided having a reduced coefficient of friction and favorable settling characteristics. The fluid contains magnetically responsive particles, a carrier fluid, and an amine oleate salt.

A system may include an output manifold that may be in fluid communication with a reservoir and that may include multiple discharge ports. Each of the discharge ports may be configured to discharge electrorheological fluid into a housing. A recovery manifold may be in fluid communication with the reservoir and include multiple recovery ports. Each of the recovery ports may be configured to receive the electrorheological fluid from a housing. A gas remover may be positioned to extract gas from the electrorheological fluid received from the recovery ports. A housing may be connected to the system, and electrorheological fluid from the system may be pumped through the housing and the gas remover.

A system includes optics for ultraviolet light or electrons. The optics are situated in a chamber and include a surface to control a path of photons or electrons. The system also includes a lubricated component that is distinct from the surface and is situated in the chamber. The lubricated component is lubricated with a lubricant that includes an ionic liquid having a cation and an anion, wherein at least one of the cation or the anion is organic.