A climate-control system can be used to heat or cool a space. The climate-control system may include first and second vessels between which refrigerant and co-fluid may be circulated. The refrigerant may be absorbed into the co-fluid within the first vessel at a first rate. The refrigerant may desorb from the co-fluid within the second vessel at a second rate. Ultrasonic energy may be used to adjust the second rate to substantially match the first rate.

A laminated sliding member 1 includes a base body 4 having one flat surface 3 which is circular in a plan view and a solid lubricant layer 5 adhered to the flat surface 3 of the base body 4 and having a sliding surface 2 which is circular in a plan view.

Disclosed is a method of lubrication including a step of lubricating a machine with a lubricating composition, the lubricating composition including 20-100% ionic liquid or of a mixture of several ionic liquids. The ionic liquid or the mixture is selected from at least: an anion A.sup.− chosen from sulfonylimides, the substituent(s) of which is (are) independently chosen from a fluoroalkyl, fluoroether, perfluorinated alkyl or perfluoroether group; and a cation C.sup.+ including a nitrogen-containing heterocycle or a quaternary ammonium, the substituent(s) of which is (are) independently chosen from: a hydrogen atom or alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl, perfluorinated alkyl, alkylsilane, alkyl alcohol, vinyl, alkyl allyl, ether or polyether groups having a linear or branched chain having 1-3 carbon atoms. The deposition start temperature in thin film of the ionic liquid or of the mixture of ionic liquids is at least equal to 330° C. The lubricating composition reduces deposits formed in the machine.

Disclosed is a method of lubrication including a step of lubricating a machine with a lubricating composition, the lubricating composition including 20-100% ionic liquid or of a mixture of several ionic liquids. The ionic liquid or the mixture is selected from at least: an anion A.sup.− chosen from sulfonylimides, the substituent(s) of which is (are) independently chosen from a fluoroalkyl, fluoroether, perfluorinated alkyl or perfluoroether group; and a cation C.sup.+ including a nitrogen-containing heterocycle or a quaternary ammonium, the substituent(s) of which is (are) independently chosen from: a hydrogen atom or alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl, perfluorinated alkyl, alkylsilane, alkyl alcohol, vinyl, alkyl allyl, ether or polyether groups having a linear or branched chain having 1-3 carbon atoms. The deposition start temperature in thin film of the ionic liquid or of the mixture of ionic liquids is at least equal to 330° C. The lubricating composition reduces deposits formed in the machine.

A pre-lubricated stock sheet and a method and system for making the same are described. The pre-lubricated stock is generally in a coil wound form. The stock sheet can have opposing first and second sheet surfaces joined together by opposing side edges and opposing ends. Typically, the first and second sheet surfaces are substantially smooth and planar, wherein the sheet has 3 mg/foot.sup.2/side to about 200 mg/foot.sup.2/side of a solid lubricant having a melting temperature from about 80 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Moreover, the opposing side edges usually are substantially free of the solid lubricant. In some configurations, the stock sheet is an aluminum stock sheet, more particularly an aluminum can stock sheet. Furthermore, the lubricant can be in some configurations a food grade lubricant, that is qualifies a low volatile organic compound under one or more of municipal, state and federal governing authorities.

A lubricating agent including an ionic liquid formed from a Bronsted acid (HX) and a Bronsted base (B), wherein the Bronsted base has a linear hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms and the difference between the pKa value of the Bronsted acid in water and the pKa value of the Bronsted base in water is 12 or more.

A pre-lubricated stock sheet and a method and system for making the same are described. The pre-lubricated stock is generally in a coil wound form. The stock sheet can have opposing first and second sheet surfaces joined together by opposing side edges and opposing ends. Typically, the first and second sheet surfaces are substantially smooth and planar, wherein the sheet has 3 mg/foot.sup.2/side to about 200 mg/foot.sup.2/side of a solid lubricant having a melting temperature from about 80 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Moreover, the opposing side edges usually are substantially free of the solid lubricant. In some configurations, the stock sheet is an aluminum stock sheet, more particularly an aluminum can stock sheet. Furthermore, the lubricant can be in some configurations a food grade lubricant, that is qualifies a low volatile organic compound under one or more of municipal, state and federal governing authorities.

A pre-lubricated stock sheet and a method and system for making the same are described. The pre-lubricated stock is generally in a coil wound form. The stock sheet can have opposing first and second sheet surfaces joined together by opposing side edges and opposing ends. Typically, the first and second sheet surfaces are substantially smooth and planar, wherein the sheet has 3 mg/foot.sup.2/side to about 200 mg/foot.sup.2/side of a solid lubricant having a melting temperature from about 80 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Moreover, the opposing side edges usually are substantially free of the solid lubricant. In some configurations, the stock sheet is an aluminum stock sheet, more particularly an aluminum can stock sheet. Furthermore, the lubricant can be in some configurations a food grade lubricant, that is qualifies a low volatile organic compound under one or more of municipal, state and federal governing authorities.

A pre-lubricated stock sheet and a method and system for making the same are described. The pre-lubricated stock is generally in a coil wound form. The stock sheet can have opposing first and second sheet surfaces joined together by opposing side edges and opposing ends. Typically, the first and second sheet surfaces are substantially smooth and planar, wherein the sheet has 3 mg/foot.sup.2/side to about 200 mg/foot.sup.2/side of a solid lubricant having a melting temperature from about 80 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Moreover, the opposing side edges usually are substantially free of the solid lubricant. In some configurations, the stock sheet is an aluminum stock sheet, more particularly an aluminum can stock sheet. Furthermore, the lubricant can be in some configurations a food grade lubricant, that is qualifies a low volatile organic compound under one or more of municipal, state and federal governing authorities.

A lubricant including an ionic liquid including a conjugate base and a conjugate acid, wherein the conjugate acid includes a group including a hydroxyl group and a group including a straight-chain hydrocarbon group having 6 or greater carbon atoms, and a pKa of an acid that is a source of the conjugate base in acetonitrile is 10 or less.