Lubricating composition comprising (i) base oil and (ii) a Verkade base compound having the formula (1): wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently selected from hydrogen and saturated or unsaturated, straight chain or branched, C.sub.1-C.sub.22 alkyl groups. The lubricating composition of the present invention exhibits improved base number retention and oxidative stability, particularly in the presence of a biofuel such as fatty acid alkyl ester.

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The present invention provides an organophosphorus compound, a preparation process and use thereof. The organophosphorus compound of the present invention has a structure as represented by the general formula (I):

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The groups are defined in the description. The organophosphorus compound of the present invention has prominent bearing capacity and excellent antiwear and antifriction performances, and can be used as an extreme pressure antiwear additive and used in lubricating oil and lubricating grease.

The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising: (i) at least one base oil, or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; and (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)
R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker, said fire retardant of formula (I) being at least partially in an encapsulated form. The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I) which is at least partially in an encapsulated form in a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties. Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

A multidentate lubricant comprising an anchoring moiety Ra attached to a plurality of sidechain moieties —(Rb—Re) according to the general formula: Ra—(Rb—Re).sub.x; wherein Ra is a multivalent radical of valance x; and each sidechain includes a perfluoroethyl ether moiety. The lubricant can be used in conjunction with a magnetic recording medium and/or a magnetic data storage system.

Disclosed is a method using at least one anti-wear additive in an oil, the at least one anti-wear additive including at least one polyphosphorus compound to reduce and/or prevent the neurotoxicity of the oil or for the prophylaxis of aerotoxic syndrome, preferably in case of fume event.

The invention relates to the use of an oil that does not include tricresyl phosphate and includes as an anti-wear additive at least one diphosphorus compound for the prophylaxis of aerotoxic syndrome, especially in case of fume event. It also relates to the oil as such.

Disclosed is an oil that does not include tricresyl phosphate and includes as an anti-wear additive at least one diphosphorus compound for the prophylaxis of aerotoxic syndrome, especially in case of fume event. It also relates to a lubrication method utilizing such oil.

The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising: (i) at least one base oil, or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; and (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)

R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker, said fire retardant of formula (I) being at least partially in an encapsulated form.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I) which is at least partially in an encapsulated form in a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties.

Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

Lubricating composition comprising (i) base oil and (ii) a Verkade base compound having the formula (1): wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently selected from hydrogen and saturated or unsaturated, straight chain or branched, C.sub.1-C.sub.22 alkyl groups. The lubricating composition of the present invention exhibits improved base number retention and oxidative stability, particularly in the presence of a biofuel such as fatty acid alkyl ester. ##STR00001##