The present disclosure generally relates to a pretreatment arrangement (100) for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass comprising a reactor vessel (101) extending along a longitudinal center line (102) and having an upstream inlet (103) for receiving biomass and a downstream outlet (104) for discharging biomass. The pretreatment arrangement (100) further comprising a scraping device (108) configured to scrape the interior walls (111) of the reactor vessel (101) and prevent the formation and build-up of deposits.

An object of the invention is to provide an electroporation method for treating vesicles with exogenous material for insertion of the exogenous material into the vesicles which includes the steps of: a. retaining a suspension of the vesicles and the exogenous material in a treatment volume in a chamber which includes electrodes, wherein the chamber has a geometric factor (cm.sup.−1) defined by the quotient of the electrode gap squared (cm.sup.2) divided by the chamber volume (cm.sup.3), wherein the geometric factor is less than or equal to 0.1 cm.sup.−1, wherein the suspension of the vesicles and the exogenous material is in a medium which is adjusted such that the medium has conductivity in a range spanning 50 microSiemens/cm to 500 microSiemens/cm, wherein the suspension is enclosed in the chamber during treatment, and b. treating the suspension enclosed in the chamber with one or more pulsed electric fields. With the method, the treatment volume of the suspension is scalable, and the time of treatment of the vesicles in the chamber is substantially uniform.

The present invention provides for a fully integrated microfluidic system capable of producing single-dose amounts of biotherapeutics at the point-of-care wherein protein production, purification and product harvest are all integrated as a single microfluidic device which is portable and capable of continuous-flow production of biotherapeutics at the microscale using a cell-free reaction system.

Aquafeed, animal feed, and other food products, as well as nutritional and pharmaceutical compounds, chemicals and biomaterials are important commodities that can be produced at commercial scale by fermentation of microorganisms. The present invention provides a method for producing these valuable multi-carbon compounds from simple gas feedstocks, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen, by cultivating a consortium of microbial cells specially selected for this purpose in an aqueous culture medium. In addition to exploiting inexpensive feedstocks, such as waste industrial gas for this cultivation, the platform described herein also provides the advantage of removing carbon dioxide and other waste gases from industrial emissions, which would otherwise contribute to global climate change. Furthermore, the cultivation of a microbial consortium can provide highly nutritious components to a feed blend that might not be available from a monoculture.

Ultrasonic devices comprise a housing comprising an ultrasonic surface, an ultrasonic transducer, and an ultrasonic horn to provide and focus energy from the ultrasonic transducer to the ultrasonic surface. Methods of removing trapped air bubbles from a cell culture container comprise positioning a cell culture container comprising air bubbles trapped in liquid within microcavity wells of the cell culture container at an ultrasonic surface of an ultrasonic device. Mechanical agitation is generated by the ultrasonic device and applied to the cell culture container to remove the trapped air bubbles from the microcavity wells. Methods of releasing cell aggregates from a cell culture container comprising positioning a cell culture container comprising cell aggregates in microcavity wells at an ultrasonic surface of an ultrasonic device. The cell aggregates are released from the microcavity wells by applying mechanical agitation from the ultrasonic device to a surface of the cell culture container.

A microfabricated device having at least one gas-entrapping feature formed therein in a configuration that entraps air bubbles upon wetting the feature with a solvent or solution is described. The device includes a sacrificial residue in contact with the gas-entrapping feature, the dissolution of which guides the wetting of the gas-entrapping feature.

Herein is reported a bioreactor comprising a cultivation vessel and a reactor head plate, wherein the cultivation vessel has a working volume of from 20 ml to 350 ml and comprises two or more in-situ sensors, wherein the reactor head plate comprises an in-situ sensor port, wherein to the in-situ sensor port at least one in-situ glucose sensor and one in-situ pH sensor are connected.

A cell culture device is provided. A cell culture device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises: a housing which has a plurality of through-holes formed through at least one surface thereof to allow carbon dioxide to be introduced thereinto from the outside and includes an inner space filled with a medium for culturing cells; a plurality of supporters which are arranged in the inner space in multiple steps while being spaced at an interval from each other so as to culture cells and are provided in a plate-shape having a predetermined area; and a porous member which is attached to one surface of the housing so as to cover the plurality of through-holes, prevents the medium filled in the inner space from leaking to the outside, and allows carbon dioxide to be introduced into the inner space from the outside.

A method of obtaining a compound may include adding a substrate to a medium in a reactor, and reacting the substrate in the reactor to form the compound. A first stream is separated from the reaction liquid through a first membrane. A second stream is separated from the reaction liquid through a second membrane. The first membrane is a filtration membrane and the second membrane is configured for liquid-gas or liquid-liquid extraction The first membrane and the second membrane are at least partially immersed in the medium and are moved relative to the reactor during the separation steps.

The purpose of the present invention is to efficiently dispense cells while reducing the risk of incorporating bacteria, etc. A cell dispensing device 1 includes: a first tube 23a which connects a container 21 and a dispensing container 22; a syringe pump 24 attached to a second tube 23b connected to a branching portion 31 formed on the first tube 23a; and a buffer tank 25 provided between the syringe pump 24 and the branching portion 31. In addition, a cell suspension contained in the container 21 is temporarily stored in the buffer tank 25 by means of the syringe pump 24, and the cell suspension stored in the buffer tank 25 is delivered to the dispensing container 22.