Disclosed herein are scalable, modular bioreactor systems for efficient preparation of cell-based tissues. Also disclosed herein are methods, compositions, and apparatuses for preparing scaffolds.

A system for converting a biomass into a biofuel including a biomass processing station arranged to receive the biomass from a biomass harvester, output the biomass to a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) converter, and receive a processed biomass from the HTL converter. The system includes a conduit arranged to transport the biomass from the biomass processing station to the HTL converter and transport the processed biomass from the HTL converter to the biomass processing station. The HTL converter includes a heat exchanger arranged to transfer thermal energy from a geothermal heat source to the biomass to convert the biomass into the processed biomass. The system also includes a controller arranged to monitor conditions of the biomass at locations along the conduit and adjust operations of components along the conduit to, thereby, adjust the conditions of the biomass at one or more locations along the conduit.

A biogas reactor is disclosed in which biogas is formed from organic matter. The biogas reactor includes a wall to form a tank structure enclosing a tubular reactor space in which organic matter can be placed to form biogas. The wall forming the tank structure is comprised of a helically wound hollow pipe profile to form a spiral arrangement. The hollow space within the hollow pipe profile accommodates a heat-transfer medium to influence the temperature of organic matter in the reactor space. Connections are provided for feeding organic matter to the reactor space and removing it from the reactor space, and one or more connections are provided for removing biogas from the reactor space. The invention also concerns methods for producing biogas and for manufacturing a biogas reactor.

A system for converting a biomass into a biofuel including a biomass processing station arranged to receive the biomass from a biomass harvester, output the biomass to a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) converter, and receive a processed biomass from the HTL converter. The system includes a conduit arranged to transport the biomass from the biomass processing station to the HTL converter and transport the processed biomass from the HTL converter to the biomass processing station. The HTL converter includes a heat exchanger arranged to transfer thermal energy from a geothermal heat source to the biomass to convert the biomass into the processed biomass. The system also includes a controller arranged to monitor conditions of the biomass at locations along the conduit and adjust operations of components along the conduit to, thereby, adjust the conditions of the biomass at one or more locations along the conduit.

The membrane bioreactor for simultaneous enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis and product separation is a vessel having a lower hydrolysis reaction chamber and an upper distilled water chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane attached to the top of the lower reaction chamber. The membrane is supported on a stainless steel mesh and sealed to the mesh by epoxy glue to prevent leakage. A peristaltic pump is connected to the reaction chamber and maintains a flow of distilled water through the membrane and the upper chamber, the effluent being collected in a beaker or other product collection vessel. The reaction chamber is agitated at a moderate rate by a magnetic stirrer, and the upper chamber is agitated more rigorously by a mechanical stirrer. A thermocouple and temperature controller and a buffer solution, respectively, maintain temperature and pH in the reaction chamber optimal for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose.

This cell production device comprises: a cell production plate with a first side and a second side, comprising a cell induction and culture tank configured to perform at least one of induction and culture of cells, and a culture medium reservoir tank configured to store a culture medium to be supplied to the cell induction and culture tank; a warming element that is arranged at or near the first side of the cell production plate and that warms the cell induction and culture tank; and a cooling element that is arranged at or near the second side of the cell production plate and that cools the culture medium reservoir tank.

Incubators including an enclosure with an internal chamber configured to support a cell culture plate comprising a plurality of wells are disclosed. The enclosure includes a plurality of openings configured to allow access to the wells. The incubators include a sealing element configured to seal the plurality of openings in the enclosure. The sealing element comprises a plurality of openings corresponding to at least a subset of the plurality of openings in the enclosure. Access to the internal chamber can be provided by aligning the plurality of openings in the sealing element with the plurality of openings in the enclosure. Methods for using the incubators are also provided.

An automated cell culture and tissue engineering system comprising defined and separate environmental zones provide for increased control and maintenance of the internal environment of the system such that the temperature, air flow and gases surrounding the bioreactor module form one zone that is maintained separately to a second zone formed surrounding the reagent fluid reservoir. The system further comprises means for elimination and/or management of condensation within the second zone of the system.

This disclosure relates to reaction container systems providing for headspace-based condensation, coalescing devices, and other features.

An automated cell culture and tissue engineering system comprising defined and separate environmental zones provide for increased control and maintenance of the internal environment of the system such that the temperature, air flow and gases surrounding the bioreactor module form one zone that is maintained separately to a second zone formed surrounding the reagent fluid reservoir. The system further comprises means for elimination and/or management of condensation within the second zone of the system.