The present invention provides for a fully integrated microfluidic system capable of producing single-dose amounts of biotherapeutics at the point-of-care wherein protein production, purification and product harvest are all integrated as a single microfluidic device which is portable and capable of continuous-flow production of biotherapeutics at the microscale using a cell-free reaction system.

An extracellular potential measurement device includes multiple insulating films each of which is made from an electric insulating material, the insulating films being stacked and bonded to each other; and multiple electrode wires each of which is made from an electroconductive material, the electrode wires being arranged in multiple heights. Each of the electrode wires is interposed between an upper insulating film and a lower insulating film. Each of the insulating films, except for a lowermost insulating film, has an opening penetrating the insulating film. The opening in a lower insulating film has a size that is less than that of the opening in an upper insulating film, the openings in the insulating films being overlapped to form a recess having a size reducing downward, the recess being adapted to store a collection of cells. Each of the electrode wires has an end that is located near an opening in an insulating film that is immediately below the electrode wire, the ends being exposed in the recess.

The invention relates to the production of microalgae biomass. The microalgae contained in a suspension of water and microalgae are continuously phototrophically or mixotrophically cultivated in a cultivation module (1), which is passed multiple times by the suspension and has a gas part and a liquid part with a liquid supply (3), by supplying light from at least one artificial light source (5) and nutrients. According to the turbidity established by sensors, volume fractions of the suspension are repeatedly discharged from the cultivation module (1) for the harvest of microalgae and removed by means of a centrifuge (7). The cultivation of the microalgae occurs in an climate chamber forming the cultivation module (1), which is operated using water. Alongside a regulating of the temperature of the suspension, there also occurs a regulating of its pH value via the controlled addition of buffer ions and a regulating of the redox potential of the suspension and thereby also of its microbial contamination by controlling the light and nutrient supply, as well of a metered addition of oxygen. In addition, after the removal of microalgae, the remaining suspension is irradiated with UV light in order to kill unwanted microbial contamination before being returned into the cultivation module (1).

[Problem] To provide a system for inference of a measurement target dynamic state, the system being capable of providing not only information as to whether a culture solution is aerobic or anaerobic, but also data for determining a culture operation and for optimizing various conditions of the culture solution. [Solution] A system for inference of a measurement target dynamic state, comprising: a reference electrode; a first working electrode; a second working electrode of which at least the material or surface treatment is different from the first working electrode; a third working electrode of which at least the material or surface treatment is different from the first working electrode and the second working electrode; and an information storage unit which receives first potential information relating to the redox potential between the reference electrode and the first working electrode, second potential information relating to the redox potential between the reference electrode and the second working electrode, and third potential information relating to the redox potential between the reference electrode and the third working electrode, and stores information including the first potential information, the second potential information, and the third potential information.

The present disclosure features methods and compositions for increasing the amount of products of cellular metabolism, e.g., proteins, by lowering the temperature of cells expressing the product at one or more steps while culturing the cells, expressing the product, and/or recovering the product.

The United States faces significant environmental burden to treat and transport ˜0.61 billion kg of defective tomatoes (culled tomatoes) every year. The present disclosure provides for the treatment and processing of culled tomatoes in microbial-electrochemical systems, using the microbial fuel cell as a model reactor. The fundamental differences between the long-term oxidative behavior of unprocessed culled tomatoes compared to the three readily soluble substrates (dextrose, acetate, and wastewater) are disclosed. AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses indicate the influential impedance contributions of the peel & seed to the cull oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry tests indicate that the indigenous redox-active pigments in the cull influence the faradaic processes involved in the cull oxidation.

The apparatus includes: a pretreatment tank where biomass and a first acid solution are stirred to extract sugar components from the biomass; a hydrolysis tank where water is added to the pretreated mixture transferred from the pretreatment tank such that the concentration of the acid is reduced and the sugar components are hydrolyzed to produce an acid hydrolyzate; a first sugar-acid separation tank where the acid hydrolyzate is separated into a second acid solution and a first hydrolyzate; a second sugar-acid separation tank where the first hydrolyzate is separated into a third acid solution and a second hydrolyzate; a fermentation tank where the second hydrolyzate is fermented to produce bioenergy; and an acid solution concentration tank where a mixture of the second acid solution transferred from the first sugar-acid separation tank and the third acid solution transferred from the second sugar-acid separation tank is concentrated to a higher level for reuse.

A bioelectronic device for regulating stem cell differentiation, a method for differentiating stem cells using the same, and a method for manufacturing the bioelectronic device. According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively control the differentiation of stem cells at a single-cell level, and to simultaneously perform a free radical inhibition function.

Described herein are biofilm bioreactors for synthesis at the interface between two liquids, and methods of using such bioreactors for the biotransformation of feedstocks into chemical products. Also contemplated is the extraction of such products.

The present disclosure features methods and compositions for increasing the amount of products of cellular metabolism, e.g., proteins, by lowering the temperature of cells expressing the product at one or more steps while culturing the cells, expressing the product, and/or recovering the product.