Compositions and methods of use pertaining to exosomes, and more particularly to exosomes from pericytes and endothelial progenitor cells are presented.

A cell medium for in vitro inducing chondrogenesis or tenogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The medium is a glucose medium supplemented with at least one growth factor is chosen from the group of fibroblast growth factors (FGF) or the group of transforming growth factors (TGF), and the FGF or TGF is present in a total concentration of between 1 and 15 ng/ml. In both cases, IGF can be added to enhance the induction process. The use of the cell medium, a method for inducing isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and a cell composition obtained by the method are also provided.

Provided are a composition for ciliogenesis, containing a mesenchymal stem cell or a culture medium of mesenchymal stem cell. The mesenchymal stem cell or the culture medium of mesenchymal stem cell increases the number and promotes growth of primary cilia in cells. The mesenchymal stem cell or the culture medium of mesenchymal stem cell can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diseases caused by ciliopathy or ciliary impairment. The mesenchymal stem cell or the culture medium of mesenchymal stem cell can be used as a cosmetic composition. A method for preventing or treating ciliopathy or ciliary impairment is disclosed.

A fetal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle has immune tolerance properties. The extracellular vesicle containing a fetal stem cell-derived primal immunoglobulin contains various natural antibodies and complement proteins which can immediately respond to foreign infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, pathogens, etc., and thus can effectively treat and prevent infectious diseases through an enhanced innate immune system. Methods are disclosed for preparing the fetal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle.

Methods and products obtained from the method for isolating and culturing mixed populations of stem cells, making decellularized tissue matrix, making decellularized tissue matrix infused with said mixed populations of stem cells, and methods of stem cell therapy are provided.

Disclosed are treatment methods, protocols, and compositions of matter useful for treatment of kidney failure. The invention discloses, in one embodiment, administration of immune cells that have been reprogrammed by co-culture with regenerative cells. In one embodiment said regenerative cells are umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells and said immune cells are peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In one embodiment cells are cultured together in the presence of interleukin 2 and/or an mTOR inhibitor. In one embodiment said cells are cultured together in the presence of an anti-CD3 and/or anti-CD28 antibody.

The current invention relates to a process for the manufacturing of a composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), said method comprises: culturing and expanding MSCs in a serum-free and xeno-free medium comprising purified human serum albumin and human transferrin; —collecting cell supernatant, said cell supernatant comprises EVs; —filtering said cell supernatant to obtain EVs; and concentrating said EVs, preferably by means of ultrafiltration. In a second and further aspect, said invention is directed to compositions comprising EVs and their clinical use.

Described are antigen specific and antigen non-specific means of suppressing development of Type 1 Diabetes in a mammal through administration of exosomes, microvesicles or apoptotic bodies from monocytic lineage cells that have been reprogrammed by contact with mesenchymal stem cells and/or mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media. In one embodiment, the invention provides administration of exosomes that have been generated from monocytic cells that have been loaded with tolerogenic antigens and/or epitopes. In another embodiment the invention provides administration of allogeneic myeloid derived exosomes that are loaded with tolerogenic antigens. In another embodiment the invention provides means of stimulating exosome release in vivo from allogeneic cells that have been administered to the patient in need of treatment.

Methods and products obtained from the method for isolating and culturing mixed populations of stem cells, making decellularized tissue matrix, making decellularized tissue matrix infused with said mixed populations of stem cells, and methods of stem cell therapy are provided.

Methods for producing therapeutic T cells from umbilical cord blood are provided. Methods for treating immune-related diseases or conditions (e.g. autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, cancer) using umbilical cord blood derived therapeutic T cells are also provided. Compositions comprising umbilical cord blood derived therapeutic T cells are also provided. Methods for treating diseases and methods for increasing or decreasing available ATP within a proliferating cell, through mitochondrial transfer induction or inhibition are also provided.