Disclosed herein is the first infectious clone of a member of the Emaravirus genus of multipartite negative strand RNA virus. In particular, disclosed herein is an infectious clone of Rose rosette virus (RRV). This method can in some embodiments be used to prepare infectious clones of any species within the Fimoviridae family, such as any species within the Emaravirus genus.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus replicon particles (VRP) are described. These VRP are capable of undergoing a single round of virus replication, but are unable to produce new particles or spread to neighboring cells due to the lack of the glycoprotein-encoding M genome segment. In some instances, the VRP contain one or more mutations in the viral ovarian tumor domain protease encoded by the L genome segment or heterologous antigens within its S genome segment. The VRP are shown to elicit a protective immune response against lethal CCHF virus challenge in an animal model.

The present application discloses a nucleic acid composition for expressing recombinant EBIV-related genes and proteins and the use thereof. The nucleic acid composition includes a nucleic acid molecule having sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 14, 15, 16, and 17. In the present application, a recombinant EBIV is also constructed with this nucleic acid composition. The virus not only has broad-spectrum infectivity to mammalian and mosquito cells, can be stably passaged, but also has green fluorescence, which can provide a research foundation for in vitro and in vivo virus tracing, virus detection, antiviral drugs, vaccine screening, with significant application prospects.

The present application discloses a nucleic acid composition for expressing recombinant EBIV-related genes and proteins and the use thereof. The nucleic acid composition includes a nucleic acid molecule having sequences shown in SEQ ID NO. 14, 15, 16, and 17. In the present application, a recombinant EBIV is also constructed with this nucleic acid composition. The virus not only has broad-spectrum infectivity to mammalian and mosquito cells, can be stably passaged, but also has green fluorescence, which can provide a research foundation for in vitro and in vivo virus tracing, virus detection, antiviral drugs, vaccine screening, with significant application prospects.

Provided are a method for carrying out site-directed modification on a plant genetic material by using a negative-strand RNA viral vector and a viral vector system. Also provided is a method for performing site-directed editing on DNA of genomic interest of a plant without the need for the stable genetic transformation of a plant to be modified, comprising the steps of: infecting a plant with a tomato spotted wilt viral vector and transiently expressing a sequence-specific nucleic acid modification enzyme which targets a target site of the infected plant genome and cleaves or modifies the target site, a DNA repair mechanism of the plant completing targeted modification of the target site. The delivery of sequence-specific nucleic acid modification enzymes by using RNA viral vectors not only improves the editing efficiency of target sites, but can also obtain non-transgenic editing plants.

The invention relates to methods of producing infectious bunyavirus replicon particles. These bunyavirus replicon particles are safe and can be used outside a biosafety containment. The invention further relates to recombinant bunyavirus replicon particles and uses of these recombinant bunyavirus replicon particles.