Methods of producing a pathogen with reduced replicative fitness are disclosed, as are attenuated pathogens produced using the methods. In particular examples, the method includes deoptimizing one or more codons in a coding sequence, thereby reducing the replicative fitness of the pathogen. Methods of using the attenuated pathogens as immunogenic compositions are also disclosed.

There is provided a decoy transcript derived from a ssRNA virus (WV), the transcript comprising at least one of a 5′UTR of the WV, a genomic packaging signal (GPS) of the WV, a 3′UTR of the WV, and an exogenous stop codon.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and an immunogenic composition comprising an IBV, respectively, wherein the ORF 3a and/or the ORF 3b and/or the ORF 5a and/or the ORF 5b is inactivated. Furthermore, aspects of the present invention relate to methods for immunizing a subject comprising administering to such subject the immunogenic composition of the present invention. Moreover, embodiments of the present invention relate to methods of treating or preventing clinical signs caused by IBV in a subject of need, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an immunogenic composition according to the embodiments of the present invention.

The present invention relates to an antibody that binds specifically to the SARS CoV-2 spike protein, and methods for its manufacture.

Methods of producing a pathogen with reduced replicative fitness are disclosed, as are attenuated pathogens produced using the methods. In particular examples, the method includes deoptimizing one or more codons in a coding sequence, thereby reducing the replicative fitness of the pathogen. Methods of using the attenuated pathogens as immunogenic compositions are also disclosed.

The present invention provides a live, attenuated coronavirus comprising a variant replicase gene encoding polyproteins comprising a mutation in one or more of non-structural protein(s) (nsp)-10, nsp-14, nsp-15 or nsp-16. The coronavirus may be used as a vaccine for treating and/or preventing a disease, such as infectious bronchitis, in a subject.

The invention relates to a mutant Porcine Epizootic Diarrhea Virus (PEDVdN), to methods of producing said PEDVdN, and to compositions comprising the PEDVdN. The invention further relates to methods of stimulating an immune response in a pig comprising administering the PEDVdN, to vaccines comprising the PEDVdN, and to methods for preventing or ameliorating porcine epizootic diarrhoea in a pig.

The present invention provides a live, attenuated coronavirus comprising a mutation in non-structural protein nsp-3 and/or deletion of accessory proteins 3a and 3b. The coronavirus may be used as a vaccine for treating and/or preventing a disease, such as infectious bronchitis, in a subject.

The present invention relates i.a. to an IBV (infectious bronchitis virus) deposited with the BVR of IZSLER under accession number DPS RE RSCIC 16, any descendant IBV thereof and any IBV having all of the identifying characteristics of the deposited IBV. Further, the present invention relates to an immunogenic composition comprising said deposited IBV.

Methods of producing a pathogen with reduced replicative fitness are disclosed, as are attenuated pathogens produced using the methods. In particular examples, the method includes deoptimizing one or more codons in a coding sequence, thereby reducing the replicative fitness of the pathogen. Methods of using the attenuated pathogens as immunogenic compositions are also disclosed.