Provided is the use of a composition to inactive a virus. The composition comprises a quaternary ammonium compound and a halogenated organic compound. Also provided are a composition and kit for inactivating a virus, and a method for detecting an analyte in a sample.

A method and composition for inactivating both naked genetic material such as RNA and DNA and inactivating mechanical delivery vectors in a treatment space external of the human body. To practice the method, apply a mist of lipid molecule degrading agent effective against viral membranes with lipid molecules. Then apply an inactivator of spike proteins and other viral residues. Next, reduce the threat of transmitting genetic material by applying inactivators of mechanical transport vectors such as mold, yeast, and bacteria. Further, pretreat the treating space to receive enzymatic agents by applying a surface detoxifying agent in quantity sufficient to inactivate substances detrimental to enzymes that break the naked viral genetic material. Then, apply preparatory enzymes that degrade microorganisms and their cellular components. Finally, apply enzymes for breaking the naked viral genetic material, as present.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of an immunogenic composition for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and a method for making the immunogenic composition. Also disclosed is a method for administrating the immunogenic composition to a subject in need thereof. The immunogenic composition comprises PEDV proteins and/or antigens from one or more strains of PEDV, and may additionally comprise proteins and/or antigens from one or more additional porcine pathogens, such as PRRSV. Additionally disclosed in a combination comprising a PEDV immunogenic composition as disclosed herein, and an immunogenic composition or other therapeutic composition directed toward an additional porcine pathogen.

Embodiments include a method of using inactivated human cold coronaviruses (HCoVs) particularly HCoV-299E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 as a booster, for the immunization against SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Provided herein are recombinant viruses and artificially coated delivery systems, and methods of use.

Provided herein is a method for producing an inactivated virus including a) heating the virus to a temperature sufficient to disrupt the virus membrane; b) exposing the virus of step (a) to a nucleic acid degrading enzyme; and c) cooling the virus to a temperature sufficient to reestablish the integrity of the virus membrane. Also provided herein is a vaccine produced using the instant method.

A method and composition for inactivating both naked genetic material such as RNA and DNA and inactivating mechanical delivery vectors in a treatment space external of the human body. To practice the method, apply a mist of lipid molecule degrading agent effective against viral membranes with lipid molecules. Then apply an inactivator of spike proteins and other viral residues. Next, reduce the threat of transmitting genetic material by applying inactivators of mechanical transport vectors such as mold, yeast, and bacteria. Further, pretreat the treating space to receive enzymatic agents by applying a surface detoxifying agent in quantity sufficient to inactivate substances detrimental to enzymes that break the naked viral genetic material. Then, apply preparatory enzymes that degrade microorganisms and their cellular components. Finally, apply enzymes for breaking the naked viral genetic material, as present.

Disclosed are method for determining coronaviruses, in particular to methods in which the determination is performed using lectins adapted to bind coronavirus glycoproteins. Also disclosed are kits to facilitate performing the method.

Provided herein is a method for producing an inactivated virus including a) heating the virus to a temperature sufficient to disrupt the virus membrane; b) exposing the virus of step (a) to an RNA degrading enzyme; and c) cooling the virus to a temperature sufficient to reestablish the integrity of the virus membrane. Also provided herein is a vaccine produced using the instant method.

Embodiments include a method of using inactivated human cold coronaviruses (HCoVs) particularly HCoV-299E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1, alone or as a booster, for the immunization against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Vaccine embodiments further comprise HCoV virus envelope subunits which may be in the form of virus-like spheroids (VLS).