A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof includes administering in situ to the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a virus or virus-like particle.

A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof includes administering in situ to the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a virus or virus-like particle.

A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof includes administering in situ to the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a virus or virus-like particle.

A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof includes administering in situ to the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a virus or virus-like particle.

An intratumoral immunotherapy for treating cancer in a subject in need includes a therapeutically effective amounts of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), CPMV virus-like particles, potato virus X (PVX), and/or PVX virus-like particles formulated for in situ administration to cancer of the subject, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of CPMV, CPMV virus-like particles, PVX, and/or PVX virus-like particles is an amount effective to provide a durable and systemic anticancer response against cancer metastasis and recurrence in the subject, and the CPMV, CPMV virus-like particles, PVX, and/or PVX virus-like particles are not used as a vehicle for drug or antigen delivery.