The subject invention provides materials and methods for producing, isolating, extracting and purifying single-molecule products. The subject invention provides materials and methods for extracting microbial metabolites at a high level of purity, for example, a purity of at least 80% by weight, and preferably at least 95% by weight or more. Specifically, the subject invention provides materials and methods for isolating or extracting biosurfactants and polyketides at a high level of purity. Preferably, the biosurfactant is a sophorolipid (SLP).

Enasidenib glycosides and methods of making enasidenib glycosides are disclosed. Glycosyl transferases catalyze addition of one or more monosaccharides to enasidenib to yield enasidenib glycosides. Suitable monosaccharides can be in the L- or D-configuration and typically have 5, 6, or 7 carbons. Suitable monosaccharides include allose, apiose, arabinose, fructose, fucitol, fucose, galactose, galacturonate, glucose, glucuronic acid, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, rhamnose, or xylose. Uridine diphosphate glycosyl transferases can catalyze formation of either an alpha or beta glycosidic bond.

The present invention provides a sophorolipid (SL)-containing composition with excellent handleability and a method for producing the sophorolipid-containing composition. The SL-containing composition according to the present invention includes the following characteristics: (A) the content of lactonic SL being 45 to 81 mass % of the total amount of the SL taken as 100 mass %, and (B) the content of oleic acid-diacetyl lactonic SL being 95 mass % or lower of the total amount of the lactonic SL taken as 100 mass %.

The subject invention provides a novel SL that is widely applicable to various fields including food or beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and quasi-drugs. A sophorolipid compound represented by Formula (I) below: ##STR00001##
(in Formula (I), R.sub.1 represents H or a methyl group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents H or an acetyl group; one of five R.sub.5 is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue that may have an OH group, and the remaining four R.sub.5 are H; R.sub.2 represents a C.sub.9-18 alkylene group, or C.sub.9-18 alkenylene group having 1 to 3 double bonds; R.sub.6 represents hydroxy, or may form a single bond together with one of five R.sub.7 in the compound represented by Formula (II) below) ##STR00002##
(in Formula (II), R.sub.1 represents H or methyl group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents H or an acetyl group; R.sub.2 represents a C.sub.9-18 alkylene group, or C.sub.9-18 alkenylene group having 1 to 3 double bonds).

Provided are a Streptomyces avermitilis strain C63-51 with a high yield of ivermectin B1b and a method for producing ivermectin B1b by using this strain. By using the above-mentioned strain and method, efficient production of single ivermectin B1b can be achieved.

The invention relates to a large scale process for the in vitro production of a cell culture of pomegranate cells, to a product prepared from such cells and to a composition comprising a complex of pholyphenols, including punicalagin, 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) or both.

A cell-free system is provided to produce anthocyanins from anthocyanidins. An anthocyanidin is added to a reaction mixture comprising a glycosyl transferase enzyme and UDP-sugar. The reaction mixture may be aqueous and may comprise a co-solvent, e.g., an organic co-solvent, such as DMF.

The present invention relates to a process for selectively producing sophorolactone without use of organic solvent, comprising the steps of: pre-cultivating cells of a Candida species capable of producing sophorolactone, in absence of an oily substrate until a stationary growth phase is obtained, cultivating said pre-cultivated cells in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one fermentable sugar and substrate; the reaction mixture of sugar, substrate and pre-cultivated cells being present in an amount and conditions such that the cells metabolize the sugar and substrate thereby forming sophorolactone and fatty acid, continuously feeding said substrate to said cells thereby suppressing the formation of fatty acid and keeping fatty acid levels in the reaction mixture below 10 g/l, resulting in the crystallization of at least part of the sophorolactone present in the reaction mixture, warming the reaction mixture to a temperature between 60? C. and 90? C., thereby melting the sophorolactone crystals, allowing the molten sophorolactone to settle and to provide a crude sophorolactone composition, and removing the crude sophorolactone composition from the remainder of the reaction mixture without use of an organic solvent.

A process for the fermentative production of a biosurfactant brings a microorganism into contact with a medium that includes a mixture of saccharides. The mixture of saccharides includes glucose and at least one further saccharide which may be fructose, isomaltose, maltose, maltulose, or panose. The microorganism and the medium are provided under conditions where the microorganism is capable of synthesizing the biosurfactant.

The present invention relates to methods for making compounds of formula (I) including violacein, violacein analogues and derivatives thereof, and to compositions, cells, and fermentation liquids comprising the compounds resulting from these methods.