The present invention provides a method of synthesizing celosianin II, a method of synthesizing a betaxanthin, an amyloid-β polymerization inhibitor or a therapeutic or preventive agent for Alzheimer's, an amyloid peptide aggregation inhibitor, and an HIV-1 protease activity inhibitor. A gene having a celosianin II synthesis ability has been isolated from quinoa, and a method of synthesizing celosianin II of the present invention has been constructed. Besides, it has been recognized that celosianin II or the like serves as an active ingredient of each of an amyloid-β polymerization inhibitor or a therapeutic or preventive agent for Alzheimer's, an amyloid peptide aggregation inhibitor, and an HIV-1 protease activity inhibitor.

The present invention provides a method of synthesizing celosianin II, a method of synthesizing a betaxanthin, an amyloid-β polymerization inhibitor or a therapeutic or preventive agent for Alzheimer's, an amyloid peptide aggregation inhibitor, and an HIV-1 protease activity inhibitor. A gene having a celosianin II synthesis ability has been isolated from quinoa, and a method of synthesizing celosianin II of the present invention has been constructed. Besides, it has been recognized that celosianin II or the like serves as an active ingredient of each of an amyloid-β polymerization inhibitor or a therapeutic or preventive agent for Alzheimer's, an amyloid peptide aggregation inhibitor, and an HIV-1 protease activity inhibitor.

Methods for converting mixtures of anthocyanins occurring in fruit or vegetable juice or extract into particular anthocyanin molecules having desirable colorant properties are provided herein. The method of the present disclosure can be employed to increase the amount of particular anthocyanin molecules, while lowering the total number of anthocyanin molecules present in the natural juice and/or extract. The disclosure is also directed to anthocyanin molecules prepared by the methods of present disclosure and to enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions that provide such effects.

Methods for converting mixtures of anthocyanins occurring in fruit or vegetable juice or extract into particular anthocyanin molecules having desirable colorant properties are provided herein. The method of the present disclosure can be employed to increase the amount of particular anthocyanin molecules, while lowering the total number of anthocyanin molecules present in the natural juice and/or extract. The disclosure is also directed to anthocyanin molecules prepared by the methods of present disclosure and to enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions that provide such effects.

The invention is directed to methods involved in the production of flavonoids, anthocyanins and other organic compounds. The invention provides cells engineered for the production of flavonoids, anthocyanins and other organic compounds, where the engineered cells include one or more genetic modifications that increase flavonoid production by increasing metabolic flux to flavonoid precursors and/or reducing carbon losses resulting from the production of byproducts.

Ivacaftor glycosides and methods of making ivacaftor glycosides are disclosed. Glycosyl transferases catalyze addition of one or more monosaccharides to ivacaftor to yield ivacaftor glycosides. Suitable monosaccharides can be in the L- or D-configuration and typically have 5, 6, or 7 carbons. Suitable monosaccharides include allose, apiose, arabinose, fructose, fucitol, fucose, galactose, glucose, glucuronic acid, mannose, A-acetylglucosamine, rhamnose, or xylose. Uridine diphosphate glycosyl transferases can catalyze formation of either an alpha or beta glycosidic bond.

Ivacaftor glycosides and methods of making ivacaftor glycosides are disclosed. Glycosyl transferases catalyze addition of one or more monosaccharides to ivacaftor to yield ivacaftor glycosides. Suitable monosaccharides can be in the L- or D-configuration and typically have 5, 6, or 7 carbons. Suitable monosaccharides include allose, apiose, arabinose, fructose, fucitol, fucose, galactose, glucose, glucuronic acid, mannose, A-acetylglucosamine, rhamnose, or xylose. Uridine diphosphate glycosyl transferases can catalyze formation of either an alpha or beta glycosidic bond.

The present invention relates to an in vitro or in vivo process for producing a glucuronide comprising a glucuronic acid moiety bound to a phenolic hydroxyl group or a phenolic carboxyl group. Also provided are expression vectors, nucleic acids, polypeptides, and recombinant microbial cells useful in carrying out the process and prodrugs produced by the process.

The present invention relates to an in vitro or in vivo process for producing a glucuronide comprising a glucuronic acid moiety bound to a phenolic hydroxyl group or a phenolic carboxyl group. Also provided are expression vectors, nucleic acids, polypeptides, and recombinant microbial cells useful in carrying out the process and prodrugs produced by the process.

The invention provides a process for enabling the production of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glucoside that does not significantly cake even when the production yield of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside does not reach 35% by weight. The process for producing a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, which comprises allowing a CGTase to act on a solution containing either liquefied starch or dextrin and L-ascorbic acid and then allowing a glucoamylase to act on the resulting solution to obtain a solution with an ascorbic acid 2-glucoside production yield of at least 27%, purifying the obtained solution to increase the ascorbic acid 2-glucoside content to a level of over 86% by weight, precipitating anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glucoside by a controlled cooling method or pseudo-controlled cooling method, collecting the precipitated anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, and ageing and drying the collected anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.