The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for extending metabolism of algal biomass or enzyme extracts, including the production and extraction of algal secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical, industrial, and agricultural uses. Aspects of this disclosure relate to production of antimethanogenic compounds from algae and other organisms. The disclosure further relates to compositions comprising antimethanogenic compounds and methods of using the same to reduce enteric methane emissions from ruminate animals. Methods of culturing algae in solutions with oil layers and triggering release of secondary metabolites through stress are also described.

The present invention relates to the fields of life sciences, micro-organisms and degradation of polyolefin polymers. Specifically, the invention relates to an isolated specific enzyme or a fragment thereof, wherein said enzyme or fragment is capable of degrading a polyolefin, and to a micro-organism or a host cell comprising the enzyme or a fragment thereof. Also, the present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding the enzyme or fragment thereof, and to an expression vector or plasmid comprising the polynucleotide of the present invention. And still, the present invention relates to use of the enzyme, fragment, micro-organism, host cell, polynucleotide, expression vector or plasmid of the present invention for degrading a polyolefin: to a method of degrading a polyolefin with the specific enzyme or a fragment thereof: and to a method of producing the enzyme or fragment thereof of the present invention.

The present disclosure provides methods for reducing methane emissions from a ruminant comprising administering to the ruminant a composition comprising a fungal strain, wherein the fungal strain comprises a vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase (VHPO) such as Curvularia sp. strain 4388 (NMI Accession No. V22/011149). The disclosure also provides a cell or a biologically pure culture of Curvularia sp. strain 4388 (NMI Accession No. V22/011149) or a mutant thereof having all identifying characteristics of the strain.

Described herein are methods and plants for the reduction of harmful byproducts of animal agriculture by biotechnological means. More particularly, the methods described herein use genetic engineering to enhance plant biosynthesis of small, halogenated molecules, including bromoform (CHBr.sub.3), iodoform (CHI.sub.3), chloroform (CHCL.sub.3), or combinations thereof that inhibit enteric methanogenesis in livestock. The plants may include transgenic elements that further relate to targeting engineered metabolism to specific plant tissues and stabilizing specific end products. Such plants can be used as feedstock for ruminant animals.

The present disclosure provides methods for reducing methane emissions from a ruminant comprising administering to the ruminant a composition comprising a fungal strain, wherein the fungal strain comprises a vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase (VHPO) such as Curvularia sp. strain 4388 (NMI Accession No. V22/011149). The disclosure also provides a cell or a biologically pure culture of Curvularia sp. strain 4388 (NMI Accession No. V22/011149) or a mutant thereof having all identifying characteristics of the strain.

The present disclosure provides methods for reducing methane emissions from a ruminant comprising administering to the ruminant bromoform produced by a composition comprising: bromide, and a vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase (VHPO) comprising SEQ ID NO: 2 or a variant protein thereof.