Disclosed are gene engineering bacteria for producing L-arginine and a construction method and an application of the gene engineering bacteria. According to the method, genes encoding a carbamoyl phosphate synthetase and a gene encoding an L-arginine biosynthesis pathway enzyme are integrated into Escherichia coli; the present invention has analyzed and reconstructed the arginine synthetic pathway and the metabolic flow related to arginine in the entire amino acid metabolic network in E. coli and finally obtained a genetically engineered bacterial strain which has a clear genetic background, carries no plasmids, undergoes no mutagenesis and is capable of stably and efficiently producing L-arginine.