A method for preparing glucosamine includes the steps of converting fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and an ammonium salt to glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) under the catalysis of glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (EC 3.5.99.6, GlmD); and producing glucosamine (GlcN) by the dephosphorylation of GlcN6P under the catalysis of an enzyme capable of catalyzing the dephosphorylation. Such a method can be used to prepare glucosamine by in vitro enzymatic biosystem.

An inositol preparation method by enzymatic catalysis uses starch and cellulose or substrates thereof as substrates. Raw materials are converted to inositol by in vitro multi-enzyme reaction system in one pot. The yield from the substrate to inositol is significantly improved by process optimization and adding new enzymes. The new enzymes can promote the phosphorolysis of starch or cellulose and utilization of glucose, which is the final production after the phosphorolysis of starch and cellulose. The inositol preparation method described herein has great potentials in industrial production of inositol because of high inositol yield, easy scale-up, low production cost, and lower impact to environment.

The invention relates to a saccharose phosphorylase that catalyzes the synthesis of glucose-1-phosphate and fructose from saccharose and phosphate, among other things. The saccharose phosphorylase according to the invention can be considered to be a mutation of the saccharose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis. In comparison to wild-type saccharose phosphorylase, the saccharose phosphorylase according to the invention is distinguished by improved activity, process stability, temperature stability, and lower product inhibition and is therefore particularly suitable for use in industrial processes.

An inositol preparation method by enzymatic catalysis uses starch and cellulose or substrates thereof as substrates. Raw materials are converted to inositol by in vitro multi-enzyme reaction system in one pot. The yield from the substrate to inositol is significantly improved by process optimization and adding new enzymes. The new enzymes can promote the phosphorolysis of starch or cellulose and utilization of glucose, which is the final production after the phosphorolysis of starch and cellulose. The inositol preparation method described herein has great potentials in industrial production of inositol because of high inositol yield, easy scale-up, low production cost, and lower impact to environment.

Isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius are provided. Further provided are methods of at least partially degrading, cleaving, or removing polysaccharides, lignocellulose, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch, chitin, polyhydroxybutyrate, heteroxylans, glycosides, xylan-, glucan-, galactan-, or mannan-decorating groups using isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius.

The invention relates to a cellobiose phosphorylase, which catalyzes, among other things, the synthesis of cellobiose from glucose 1-phosphate and glucose. The cellobiose phosphorylase according to the invention can be understood as a mutation of the cellobiose phosphorylase from Cellulomonas uda. In comparison to cellobiose phosphorylase of the wild type, the cellobiose phosphorylase according to the invention is distinguished by improved activity and process stability, in particular temperature stability, and lower product inhibition and therefore is especially suitable for use in industrial processes.

The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of a product saccharide, preferably of D-allulose from an educt saccharide, preferably from D-fructose under heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis which includes chemical and/or enzymatic catalysis. The synthesis is performed in at least two reactors that are arranged in series and the reaction product exiting the first reactor is subjected to chromatographic separation before it enters the second reactor. Preferably, the chromatographic separation is integrated in a simulated moving bed.

This disclosure relates to methods and agents for modulating adoptive immunotherapy to enable bioengineered immune cells to utilize xenobiotic fuel, e.g., in a low glucose environment. The immune cells may be used, e.g., for treatment of a tumor or cancer, such as part of a therapeutic treatment of cancer or for treatment of a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection, alone or in combination with a low glucose (e.g., ketogenic) diet. They may also be used to treat a tumor, a cancer, an infection, an autoimmune disease, or an inflammatory or neuroinflammatory disease or condition in a patient on a low glucose diet. The immune cells may be used in combination with a scaffold or platform or with a microparticle or nanoparticle for localization of treatment or xenobiotic nutrients or for controlled release, as well as for other therapeutic uses.

Isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius are provided. Further provided are methods of at least partially degrading, cleaving, or removing polysaccharides, lignocellulose, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch, chitin, polyhydroxybutyrate, heteroxylans, glycosides, xylan-, glucan-, galactan-, or mannan-decorating groups using isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius.

An inositol preparation method by enzymatic catalysis uses starch and cellulose or substrates thereof as substrates. Raw materials are converted to inositol by in vitro multi-enzyme reaction system in one pot. The yield from the substrate to inositol is significantly improved by process optimization and adding new enzymes. The new enzymes can promote the phosphorolysis of starch or cellulose and utilization of glucose, which is the final production after the phosphorolysis of starch and cellulose. The inositol preparation method described herein has great potentials in industrial production of inositol because of high inositol yield, easy scale-up, low production cost, and lower impact to environment