A composition contains at least one probiotic or enzyme selected from the group consisting of (i) a probiotic having β-glycosidase activity or a β-glycosidase, (ii) a probiotic having esterase activity or an esterase, (iii) a probiotic having both β-glycosidase activity and esterase activity or an enzyme having both β-glycosidase activity and esterase activity, (iv) a first probiotic having β-glycosidase activity and a second probiotic having esterase activity, (v) a probiotic having β-glycosidase activity and an esterase, (vi) a β-glycosidase and a probiotic having esterase activity and (vii) a β-glycosidase and an esterase. The at least one probiotic can form one or more of oleuropein aglycone, elenolic acid, hydroxytyrosol acetate or hydroxytyrosol from oleuropein. The composition can comprise oleuropein. The composition can be for treating or preventing impaired mobility in an older adult; stimulating bone formation and/or inhibiting bone resorption; treating or preventing synovitis in an individual in need or at risk thereof or treating or preventing articular cartilage degradation subsequent to synovitis in an individual having or recovering from synovitis; or preventing or treating cartilage breakdown.

A composition contains at least one probiotic or enzyme selected from the group consisting of (i) a probiotic having -glycosidase activity or a -glycosidase, (ii) a probiotic having esterase activity or an esterase, (iii) a probiotic having both -glycosidase activity and esterase activity or an enzyme having both -glycosidase activity and esterase activity, (iv) a first probiotic having -glycosidase activity and a second probiotic having esterase activity, (v) a probiotic having -glycosidase activity and an esterase, (vi) a -glycosidase and a probiotic having esterase activity and (vii) a -glycosidase and an esterase. The at least one probiotic can form one or more of oleuropein aglycone, elenolic acid, hydroxytyrosol acetate or hydroxytyrosol from oleuropein. The composition can comprise oleuropein. The composition can be for treating or preventing impaired mobility in an older adult; stimulating bone formation and/or inhibiting bone resorption; treating or preventing synovitis in an individual in need or at risk thereof or treating or preventing articular cartilage degradation subsequent to synovitis in an individual having or recovering from synovitis; or preventing or treating cartilage breakdown.

Methods for making a site-specific modification of a glycoprotein are provided which preserve the charge and glycoform of the glycoprotein. One or more glycans are trimmed from the glycoprotein, while keeping a core glycan attached to the glycoprotein. The removal of the one or more glycans provides access to a targeted amino acid for a site-specific reaction. The attached core glycan can optionally be utilized for modulation of the glycoprotein, or one or more glycans or reagents can be attached to the core.