Genetically engineered oleaginous fungi (e.g., engineered Yarrowia lipolytica) are provided for use in itaconic acid production. In some aspects, the engineered fungi comprise a transgene for expression of a cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase (CAD) enzyme and, optionally, one or more further genetic modifications. Methods and culture systems for production of itaconic acid using such fungi are also provided.

The present invention provides an engineered cell, such as a T-cell, which expresses a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or an engineered T-cell receptor (TCR) and one or more enzymes which, when secreted or expressed at the cell surface causes depletion of a molecule extracellular to the engineered cell; wherein said molecule is selected from: an amino acid; a nucleotide or nucleoside; or a lipid.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a nucleic acid-based seasoning improved in taste. There is provided a method for producing a nucleic acid-based seasoning, which includes a step of treating a ribonucleotide-containing material with a nucleosidase.

The invention relates to the use of adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 (AMPD2) inhibitors alone or in combination with various agents to treat a wide variety of diseases including, but not limited to, sugar craving, salt craving, umami craving, and addictions including drug, tobacco, nicotine and alcohol addictions. Embodiments of the invention may also relate to stimulation of AMPD2 activity to treat anorexia nervosa or stimulate food intake in a subject.

Disclosed herein are methodologies and kits for dynamic targeted hypermutation that harness the enzymatic activity of a polynucleic acid-binding protein fused to a nucleobase-editing enzyme to specifically target mutations across a region of interest. These methodologies and kits facilitate the rapid creation of diverse DNA libraries in vivo or in vitro.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a nucleic acid-based seasoning improved in taste. There is provided a method for producing a nucleic acid-based seasoning, which includes a step of treating a ribonucleotide-containing material with a nucleosidase.

The invention relates to the use of adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 (AMPD2) inhibitors alone or in combination with various agents to treat a wide variety of diseases including, but not limited to, sugar craving, salt craving, umami craving, and addictions including drug, tobacco, nicotine and alcohol addictions. Embodiments of the invention may also relate to stimulation of AMPD2 activity to treat anorexia nervosa or stimulate food intake in a subject.