Provided is a method of batching and scheduling for steelmaking production with plant-wide process consideration, including the steps of: establishing a mathematical model for quantitatively describing the decision problem of batching on steelmaking and continuous casting procedures; starting from the production capacity balance between parallel equipment of the same procedure, and material flow convergence between upstream and downstream procedures, establishing a model for the assignment and sequencing of batches on continuous casting equipment and the time dimension; integrating the batching plan and the production scheduling scheme, issuing the batching plan and the production scheduling scheme integrated to all production and manufacturing units at the steelmaking stage. The present invention improves product quality, increases the material yield, resource utilization rate and equipment operation efficiency, realizes load balance on parallel equipment and smooth material linkage between serial equipment, and reduces the material flow transportation jam, downstream equipment waiting time and inventory.

A lance and a method determine reaction data of the course of a reaction, in which a reaction gas is top-blown by at least one lance onto a metallic melt in a metallurgical vessel and measured data are determined in this way, reaction data for the course of the reaction are determined as a function of these, where the lance for determining measured data blows out a gas which is conveyed separately from the reaction gas through at least one outlet opening of at least one measuring conduit. The lance for determining measured data blows out the gas which is conveyed separately from the reaction gas laterally through at least one outlet opening of at least one measuring conduit and the internal pressure of at least one gas bubble of this gas formed at this outlet opening of the respective measuring conduit is measured.

A method for operating a converter and a support device for the converter. The converter is rotatably or tiltably mounted and rotatably coupled in a transmission via support pins in the support device. The transmission is supported permanently on a base via a torque support. In order to reduce costs for a corresponding support device and, simultaneously, so as to be able to better control the torque exerted by the converter on the transmission, the time-variable actual torque M.sub.Ist exerted by the converter on the transmission is controlled to a predefined target torque M.sub.Soll.

A charged material containing a metal raw material of at least one of ferrochromium containing metal Si or ferrosilicon and unreduced slag containing Cr oxide generated by oxidation refining is charged into an AC electric furnace including three electrodes, a mass ratio of a metal Si amount to a Cr oxide amount being from 0.30 to 0.40, and a C concentration being from 2.0% by mass to a saturation concentration, and operation is performed under a condition where a diameter PCD (m) of a circle passing through the centers of the three electrodes viewed in a plan view from a central axis direction of the electric furnace, an average electrode height H.sub.e (m) that is a vertical distance from a tip of each electrode to a molten metal surface, a furnace inner diameter D.sub.f (m), a molten slag thickness H.sub.s (m), a spreading diameter D.sub.arc (m) of an arc on the molten metal surface, and a deflection angle θ (deg) of the arc satisfy the following relationships to produce molten iron containing Cr.

D.sub.arc=PCD+2H.sub.e.Math.tan θ

θ=52.5−75.Math.(PCD/D.sub.f)

0.22≤D.sub.arc/D.sub.f≤0.30

0.35≤H.sub.e/H.sub.s≤1.50

A method and system for predicting slopping in a converter occurring during decarburization refining in the converter in which molten steel is produced from a molten pig iron by blowing oxidizing gas to the molten pig iron in the converter from a top blowing lance, or optionally further blowing oxidizing gas or inert gas from a bottom blowing tuyere to perform the decarburization refining of the molten pig iron. The method includes measuring an emission spectrum of a throat combustion flame blowing out from a throat of the converter, calculating emission intensity of the measured emission spectrum at a wavelength in a range of 580 to 620 nm, and predicting the occurrence of the slopping based on a time-series change of the calculated emission intensity.

An ultrasound sonotrode (101), the first end of which is adapted to be connected to a mechanical vibrations source, equipped with a working tip (105,205,405,805) at the opposite end of the sonotrode (101), equipped with a body (104) with a cooling jacket (103), sealed at the place of contact with the body (104) of the sonotrode (101) with the use of the first seal (106) and the second seal (107), characterized in that according to the invention the first seal (106) is placed at a distance less than or equal to 20 mm from the node of the standing wave excited in the sonotrode in the working conditions, and the second seal (107,207,407,507,607) is equipped with a resilient element (108,208,408,508,608) and is located at a distance less than or equal to 20 mm from the working tip (105,205 405,805). A method for metal alloying, in which the material is melted on the working tip (105, 205, 405, 805) of the sonotrode excited to mechanical vibrations, according to the invention characterized in that a sonotrode according to the invention is used.

The present invention concerns a lance composed of a top lance (1t) and of a sublance (2) coupled to the top lance (1t), which forms a shoulder (1s) between the top lance and the sublance. The sublance (2) of the present invention is provided with a protective device (3) comprising a coupling end (2c) opening to the cavity (2v), wherein, when at rest, the protective device (3) is in an initial configuration characterized by an outer maximum diameter (D3o) which is not more than 10% larger than the diameter (D2) of sublance (2) (D3o≤1.1 D2), when the sublance (2) is coupled to the lance the protective device (3) contacts the shoulder (1s) and is deformed into a deformed configuration, forming a surface impervious to molten metal and slag, which spans over a whole area of the shoulder (1s).

A converter blowing control method includes: calculating, by heat balance calculation and material balance calculation, an amount of oxygen to be supplied and an amount of a cooling material or a rising heat material to be charged for controlling a temperature and a component concentration of molten steel at end of blowing in a converter to target values; and controlling the blowing in the converter based on the calculated amount of oxygen to be supplied and the calculated amount of a cooling material or a rising heat material to be charged. A temperature of molten iron is used as a raw material for blowing, which is a target of the heat balance calculation, is used as a charged molten iron temperature used in the heat balance calculation, the temperature of molten iron being measured during a period when the molten iron is charged into the converter.

An ultrasound system for processing of liquid metal and their alloys, comprising at least one ultrasound transducer (301, 401, 501, 601, 701, 701a, 801a, 801b, 801c, 801d, 801e, 901, 1001) and at least one composite waveguide (302, 402, 502, 602, 702, 802, 902, 1002a-c) made of a composite material comprising a reinforcement and a matrix. The ultrasound transducer (301, 401, 501, 601, 701, 701a, 801a, 801b, 801c, 801d, 801e, 901, 1001) is coupled with the composite waveguide (302, 402, 502, 602, 702, 802, 902, 1002a-c)so that during operation it excites a standing wave of mechanical vibrations in the composite waveguide (302, 402, 502, 602, 702, 802, 902, 1002a-c). According to the invention, the matrix comprises a metallic and/or ceramic material whereas the reinforcement comprises fibers of metallic and/or ceramic material. Mechanical vibrations are transverse to the fibers of the reinforcement material. A method of processing of materials, in which material is melted and the melted material is subjected to the operating of a vibrating waveguide in the ultrasound system, characterized in that the ultrasound system according to the invention is used.

The invention relates to the subject area of metallurgical systems, in particular a metallurgical vessel which is fixed on a support ring. The object of the invention is to provide a metallurgical vessel having a support ring and a method for fixing and releasing, which prevents constraint forces. The tiltable metallurgical vessel having a round cross-section is at least partially surrounded by a support ring. The support ring is at a distance from the metallurgical vessel in the radial direction. The metallurgical vessel has at least three brackets, each having a respective pin. The support ring has at least three receiving openings which receive the pins. These receiving openings permit a shifting of the pin in the radial direction. The pins are secured against falling out of the receiving opening and the bracket by at least three locking devices floatingly mounted and arranged inside the support ring.