A coaxial dual supersonic oxygen flow cluster oxygen lance comprises an inner layer circular-hole supersonic nozzle assembly, an outer layer water-cooled casting assembly, and a middle layer annular-hole supersonic nozzle assembly arranged between the inner layer circular-hole supersonic nozzle assembly and the outer layer water-cooled casting assembly, wherein the circular-hole supersonic assembly generates a first beam of supersonic oxygen jets and the annular-hole supersonic assembly generates a second beam of supersonic oxygen jets surrounding the first beam of supersonic oxygen jets; and the second beam of supersonic oxygen jets and the first beam of supersonic oxygen jets are in the same direction, and the two beams of supersonic oxygen jets are independently supplied with gas, and are independently adjusted. The oxygen lance can form coaxial dual supersonic oxygen flow, can flexibly adjust the flow of the oxygen lance under the condition of supersonic jets, and can meet the different requirements of an electric furnace at high steel scrap ratio for an oxygen system during smelting periods at different working conditions, thereby improving smelting efficiency of the electric furnace, reducing consumption and shortening smelting periods.

A coaxial dual supersonic oxygen flow cluster oxygen lance comprises an inner layer circular-hole supersonic nozzle assembly, an outer layer water-cooled casting assembly, and a middle layer annular-hole supersonic nozzle assembly arranged between the inner layer circular-hole supersonic nozzle assembly and the outer layer water-cooled casting assembly, wherein the circular-hole supersonic assembly generates a first beam of supersonic oxygen jets and the annular-hole supersonic assembly generates a second beam of supersonic oxygen jets surrounding the first beam of supersonic oxygen jets; and the second beam of supersonic oxygen jets and the first beam of supersonic oxygen jets are in the same direction, and the two beams of supersonic oxygen jets are independently supplied with gas, and are independently adjusted. The oxygen lance can form coaxial dual supersonic oxygen flow, can flexibly adjust the flow of the oxygen lance under the condition of supersonic jets, and can meet the different requirements of an electric furnace at high steel scrap ratio for an oxygen system during smelting periods at different working conditions, thereby improving smelting efficiency of the electric furnace, reducing consumption and shortening smelting periods.

An improved apparatus for producing steel, including a lower furnace, an annular, water-cooled, fireproof lined cylindrical upper furnace, on which an upwardly closing conically tapering hat having openings can be placed. The smelting assembly is configured for the operational mode without melt flow and the operational mode with melt flow. To this end, at least one opening is provided in the conical furnace cover, through which opening at least one top lance can be introduced into the upper furnace. A plurality of sidewall injectors radially rotate around the cylindrical upper furnace in such a way that in a working position, the top lance and the sidewall injectors are directed onto a smelt level of a molten mass located in the lower furnace for refining.

Provided is an alloy steel manufacturing method, the method including: preparing a manganese-containing first molten ferroalloy; preparing a chromium-containing second molten alloy; preparing molten steel; mixing the first molten ferroalloy and the second molten ferroalloy to manufacture third molten ferroalloy; and mix pouring the third molten ferroalloy and the molten steel to manufacture an alloy steel, wherein the phosphorous concentration in the molten steel may efficiently be controlled by reducing the converter end point temperature of the molten steel to improve a phosphorous control capacity during converter refining.

This electric furnace includes one or more upper electrodes, one or more bottom-blowing tuyeres, a mechanical stirrer equipped with an impeller, and a charging device which injects an iron oxide-containing iron raw material.

A method for producing a molten steel may provide: solid-state direct reduced iron containing 3.0% by mass or more of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 in total and 1.0% by mass or more of carbon, a ratio of a metallic iron to a total iron content contained in the solid-state direct reduced iron being 90% by mass or more, and an excess carbon content Cx to the carbon contained in the solid-state direct reduced iron being 0.2% by mass or more. Such methods may include: a slag separation including heating the solid-state direct reduced iron and melting it in an electric furnace without introducing oxygen to separate into a molten steel and a slag, and continuously discharging the slag, and a decarburization including blowing, in the electric furnace, a total amount of oxygen introduced into the electric furnace to the molten steel to decarburize the molten steel after the slag separation.

The invention relates to a method for extracting metal from metal-containing raw material in a batch process by using a direct current electric arc furnace (100) having one or more than one top electrode (125) and at least one bottom electrode (115), wherein the method comprises the following steps: adding the metal-containing raw material to the furnace (100), thereby obtaining a loaded bath, moving the top electrode(s) (125) onto the raw material, heating the loaded bath in a heating step by applying direct current through the top electrode(s) to provide an arc to melt the raw material, thereby obtaining molten metal (202), wherein an average voltage during the heating step is from 20 V to 110 V, and forming solid metal from the molten metal (202). The invention further relates to a direct current electric arc furnace, a system comprising a direct current electric arc furnace, and a solid metal obtainable by the method.

In a method for producing a molten steel according to one aspect of the present invention, the solid-state direct reduced iron contains 3.0% by mass or more of SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 in total and 1.0% by mass or more of carbon. A ratio of a metallic iron to the total iron content contained in the solid-state direct reduced iron is 90% by mass or more, and an excess carbon content Cx is 0.2% by mass or more to the carbons contained in the solid-state direct reduced iron. The method includes a step in a first furnace of melting 40 to 100% by mass of the solid-state direct reduced iron, and separating a molten pig iron having a carbon content of 2.0 to 5.0% by mass and a temperature of 1350 to 1550° C. and a slag having a basicity of 1.0 to 1.4 and a step in a second furnace of melting a remainder of the solid reduced iron together with the molten pig iron separated in the first furnace and blowing oxygen onto the molten material to decarburize into a molten steel.

The present disclosure provides a cutting device. The cutting device includes a shaft, two or more gussets, two or more radial cutting members, and a circumferential cutting member. The shaft extends from a first end to a second end. The two or more gussets include at least a first gusset and a second gusset extending radially away from the shaft. The two or more radial cutting members include at least a first radial cutting member axially supported by the first gusset and a second radial cutting member axially supported by the second gusset. The circumferential cutting member is axially supported by each of the first gusset and the second gusset.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.