The disclosure provides a metal surface layer treating method, a metal assembly and an electronic device. The metal surface layer treating method includes: putting metal into a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to a first vacuum degree; adding a mixed gas of acetylene, nitrogen and hydrogen into the vacuum chamber; and heating the vacuum chamber to a temperature above an ambient temperature. In response to the temperature in the vacuum chamber reaching a first temperature value above the ambient temperature and a gas pressure of the vacuum chamber reaching a first pressure value, performing glow discharge so that a carbon-nitrogen gradient hardening layer is formed on a surface layer of the metal. The method includes removing part of a carbon layer of the surface layer of the carbon-nitrogen gradient hardening layer.

A method for volume heat treating a part having an external surface delimiting its volume, the method comprising the following steps: a. providing a laser source; b. providing the part; c. providing support means for supporting the part; d. placing said part so that it is held in position by said support means; and e. irradiating with the laser source at least one segment of the external surface of the part with a laser exposure power and duration to obtain a temperature rise in essentially the entire volume of the part.

A method for volume heat treating a part having an external surface delimiting its volume, the method comprising the following steps: a. providing a laser source; b. providing the part; c. providing support means for supporting the part; d. placing said part so that it is held in position by said support means; and e. irradiating with the laser source at least one segment of the external surface of the part with a laser exposure power and duration to obtain a temperature rise in essentially the entire volume of the part.

An apparatus and method of uniformly heating, rheologically softening, and thermoplastically forming metallic glasses rapidly into a net shape using a rapid capacitor discharge forming (RCDF) tool are provided. The RCDF method utilizes the discharge of electrical energy stored in a capacitor to uniformly and rapidly heat a sample or charge of metallic glass alloy to a predetermined “process temperature” between the glass transition temperature of the amorphous material and the equilibrium melting point of the alloy in a time scale of several milliseconds or less. Once the sample is uniformly heated such that the entire sample block has a sufficiently low process viscosity it may be shaped into high quality amorphous bulk articles via any number of techniques including, for example, injection molding, dynamic forging, stamp forging, and blow molding in a time frame of Less than 1 second.

An apparatus and method of uniformly heating, rheologically softening, and thermoplastically forming metallic glasses rapidly into a net shape using a rapid capacitor discharge forming (RCDF) tool are provided. The RCDF method utilizes the discharge of electrical energy stored in a capacitor to uniformly and rapidly heat a sample or charge of metallic glass alloy to a predetermined “process temperature” between the glass transition temperature of the amorphous material and the equilibrium melting point of the alloy in a time scale of several milliseconds or less. Once the sample is uniformly heated such that the entire sample block has a sufficiently low process viscosity it may be shaped into high quality amorphous bulk articles via any number of techniques including, for example, injection molding, dynamic forging, stamp forging, and blow molding in a time frame of Less than 1 second.

A laser apparatus includes a plurality of laser modules each generating a laser line in a working plane. The laser modules are juxtaposed so that the laser lines generated by the modules combine into a single laser line. Each of the laser modules includes at least one laser line generator. The laser line generator includes two linear arrays of strips of laser diodes each emitting a focused laser beam. The two linear arrays are arranged parallel to each other so that the strips are staggered. The two sets of parallel laser beams generated by the two linear arrays of strips, respectively, are merged into a single laser line by a set of mirrors. The linear arrays of strips of laser diodes and the mirrors are arranged so that the two sets of laser beams trace optical paths of the same length before being merged into a single laser line.

A laser apparatus includes a plurality of laser modules each generating a laser line in a working plane. The laser modules are juxtaposed so that the laser lines generated by the modules combine into a single laser line. Each of the laser modules includes at least one laser line generator. The laser line generator includes two linear arrays of strips of laser diodes each emitting a focused laser beam. The two linear arrays are arranged parallel to each other so that the strips are staggered. The two sets of parallel laser beams generated by the two linear arrays of strips, respectively, are merged into a single laser line by a set of mirrors. The linear arrays of strips of laser diodes and the mirrors are arranged so that the two sets of laser beams trace optical paths of the same length before being merged into a single laser line.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet produces reduced noise when worked into a transformer, by setting length d of each plastic strain region in the widthwise direction of the steel sheet to 0.05 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less, and a ratio (Σd/Σw) of a total Σd of the length d to a total Σw of application interval w of each of the above plastic strain regions to 0.2 or more and 0.6 or less.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet produces reduced noise when worked into a transformer, by setting length d of each plastic strain region in the widthwise direction of the steel sheet to 0.05 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less, and a ratio (Σd/Σw) of a total Σd of the length d to a total Σw of application interval w of each of the above plastic strain regions to 0.2 or more and 0.6 or less.

A method of heating a selected portion of an object includes the steps of projecting an energy beam onto a surface of the object and repetitively scanning the beam in accordance with a scanning pattern so as to establish an effective spot on the surface, and displacing the effective spot along a track to progressively heat a selected portion of the object. The selected portion has a first width at a first position along the track and a second width at a second position along the track. The second width is less than 75% of the first width.

The scanning pattern is repeated with a first frequency in correspondence with the first position and with a second frequency in correspondence with the second position, the second frequency being more than 60% and less than 140% of the first frequency.