There is disclosed a furnace (10), a fluid feed component, a fluid reforming system, and a method of reforming a fluid (20). The furnace (10) comprises a vessel (12) that defines a chamber (14) for holding a body of liquid (16). A fluid inlet (18) is provided for introducing a fluid (20) into the chamber (14) below a level (22) of the body of liquid (16) to cause the fluid (20) to interact with the liquid (16) and to migrate therethrough towards an outlet (24) for discharging a product (26) of the interaction from the chamber (14). A liquid circulation passage (28) is implemented, having a weir (30) which is operatively located near the level of the body of liquid (16), and a port (34) which is located remote from the weir (30) and in fluid (20) communication with the fluid inlet (18) so as to enable the liquid (16) to flow over the weir (30) through the liquid circulation passage (28) and through the port (34).

Liquid metal degassing device comprising a chamber containing a liquid metal bath, a device for circulating a gas through a purification chamber and in that the purification chamber comprises a getter material configured to trap dihydrogen from the circulating gas. Method for degassing a liquid metal bath to reduce the hydrogen concentration of the liquid metal comprising the following steps a) Preparing a liquid metal bath, preferably an aluminum alloy b) Circulating a gas, c) Exchanging hydrogen from the circulating gas with the liquid metal such that the hydrogen dissolved in the liquid metal bath diffuses into the circulating gas and enriches the circulating gas with dihydrogen, d) Purifying the circulating gas enriched with dihydrogen in a purification chamber comprising a getter material configured to trap dihydrogen from the circulating gas.

Liquid metal degassing device comprising a chamber containing a liquid metal bath, a device for circulating a gas through a purification chamber and in that the purification chamber comprises a getter material configured to trap dihydrogen from the circulating gas. Method for degassing a liquid metal bath to reduce the hydrogen concentration of the liquid metal comprising the following steps a) Preparing a liquid metal bath, preferably an aluminum alloy b) Circulating a gas, c) Exchanging hydrogen from the circulating gas with the liquid metal such that the hydrogen dissolved in the liquid metal bath diffuses into the circulating gas and enriches the circulating gas with dihydrogen, d) Purifying the circulating gas enriched with dihydrogen in a purification chamber comprising a getter material configured to trap dihydrogen from the circulating gas.

A method for recycling a scrap material includes providing a sample having one or more components having a respective melting temperature, and heating the sample to a first melting point corresponding to a first component to form a molten first component, and separating the molten first component from the sample. A system for recycling scrap materials includes a housing component for a sample containing one or more components to be heated, and subsequently melted and separated. The system may include a microwave plasma source, and at least one collection mechanism corresponding to each separated molten component.

The invention includes a method for treating a spent catalyst containing at least one refractory mineral oxide, one or more metals in the form of sulfide(s) chosen from the following metals: molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, and carbon compounds, the method comprising: a) in a smelting furnace preparing a melt of cast iron with a layer of slag; b) introducing into the furnace said spent catalyst and placing it in contact with the slag and the melt of cast iron, while maintaining the furnace in rotation and while injecting an oxidizing gas containing oxygen, above the mixture, to cause the combustion of the carbon and/or sulfur compounds; c) extracting from the furnace by sequential castings the slag formed in step b) to recover a cast iron melt enriched with metal or metals, and recover a slag containing the components of the catalyst other than metals, with the exception of vanadium.

The invention includes a method for treating a spent catalyst containing at least one refractory mineral oxide, one or more metals in the form of sulfide(s) chosen from the following metals: molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, vanadium, and carbon compounds, the method comprising: a) in a smelting furnace preparing a melt of cast iron with a layer of slag; b) introducing into the furnace said spent catalyst and placing it in contact with the slag and the melt of cast iron, while maintaining the furnace in rotation and while injecting an oxidizing gas containing oxygen, above the mixture, to cause the combustion of the carbon and/or sulfur compounds; c) extracting from the furnace by sequential castings the slag formed in step b) to recover a cast iron melt enriched with metal or metals, and recover a slag containing the components of the catalyst other than metals, with the exception of vanadium.

A multicomponent FeCoSiM soft magnetic alloy is provided. M of the alloy is one or more of V, Cr and Ni. A sum of atomic percentages of alloy elements in the alloy is 100%. The atomic percents of the alloy elements meet the following conditions: Fe, 68˜78 at %; Co, 4˜12 at %; Si, 14˜18 at %; V, 0˜4 at %; Cr, 0˜4 at %; and Ni, 0˜4 at %. The preparation method of the alloy includes weighing raw materials according to the atomic percentages of the alloy elements and then performing melting and annealing heat treatment each in vacuum or a protective atmosphere. The alloy is obtained by a reasonable design of compositions and contents. A magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of the alloy is low, a magnetostrictive coefficient of the alloy approaches zero and the alloy has characteristics of high saturation flux density and low coercivity.

Provided are a method and apparatus for refining titanium scraps and sponge titanium, which can remove oxygen from a melt by supplying a deoxidizing gas to the surface of the melt in order to refine titanium scraps and sponge titanium. The method for refining titanium scraps and sponge titanium comprises supplying hydrogen ions and electrons in plasma to a titanium melt to remove oxygen from the titanium melt surface having an oxide layer formed thereon. In addition, the apparatus comprises: a vacuum chamber; a crucible located in the vacuum chamber and configured to perform melting by the magnetic field of an induction coil in a state in which a melt and the inner wall of the crucible; a calcium gas supply means configured to supply calcium gas from the bottom of the crucible to the space between the inner wall of the crucible and the melt.

Provided are a method and apparatus for refining titanium scraps and sponge titanium, which can remove oxygen from a melt by supplying a deoxidizing gas to the surface of the melt in order to refine titanium scraps and sponge titanium. The method for refining titanium scraps and sponge titanium comprises supplying hydrogen ions and electrons in plasma to a titanium melt to remove oxygen from the titanium melt surface having an oxide layer formed thereon. In addition, the apparatus comprises: a vacuum chamber; a crucible located in the vacuum chamber and configured to perform melting by the magnetic field of an induction coil in a state in which a melt and the inner wall of the crucible; a calcium gas supply means configured to supply calcium gas from the bottom of the crucible to the space between the inner wall of the crucible and the melt.

An acoustic rotary liquid processor coupled with high-intensity ultrasonic vibration, rotary stiffing, gas purging, and melt surface stabilizing is described. The processor can be used for the synthesis of particulate reinforced composite materials, scavenging dissolved gases in molten materials, and preparation of a slurry containing a small fraction of non-dendritic solid particles for semi-solid material processing.