Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to carbon materials for battery electrodes and methods for preparing such carbon materials. More specifically, embodiments relate to coated nano-ordered carbon particles and methods for coating a carbon film onto carbonaceous particles to produce the coated nano-ordered carbon particles which can be used as an anode material within a rechargeable battery, such as a sodium-ion battery, other types of batteries. In one or more embodiments, a method for producing coated nano-ordered carbon particles is provided and includes exposing a carbon-containing material to an expanding agent to produce expanded carbonaceous particles during an expanding process, heating the expanded carbonaceous particles during an annealing process, and depositing a carbon film on the nano-ordered carbon particles to produce coated nano-ordered carbon particles during a carbon coating process.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to carbon materials for battery electrodes and methods for preparing such carbon materials. More specifically, embodiments relate to coated nano-ordered carbon particles and methods for coating a carbon film onto carbonaceous particles to produce the coated nano-ordered carbon particles which can be used as an anode material within a rechargeable battery, such as a sodium-ion battery, other types of batteries. In one or more embodiments, a method for producing coated nano-ordered carbon particles is provided and includes exposing a carbon-containing material to an expanding agent to produce expanded carbonaceous particles during an expanding process, heating the expanded carbonaceous particles during an annealing process, and depositing a carbon film on the nano-ordered carbon particles to produce coated nano-ordered carbon particles during a carbon coating process.

A carbon nanotube (CNT) growth apparatus includes: a body; an inlet cap; an outlet cap; insulation extending through a portion of an interior of the body, the insulation including a first stage and a second stage, a flow tube extending through the inlet cap and passing coaxially through the first stage of the insulation, the flow tube configured to receive and flow a fluid to the interior of the body; a gas heater including a plurality of heat pipes configured to be inserted in the first stage of the insulation, the plurality of heat pipes being disposed adjacent to the flow tube; a substrate heater incorporated in the second stage of the insulation; and a temperature controller configured to adjust a temperature of the gas heater and substrate heater, wherein a removed portion of the second stage is configured to provide an unobstructed view of the substrate.

A carbon nanotube (CNT) growth apparatus includes: a body; an inlet cap; an outlet cap; insulation extending through a portion of an interior of the body, the insulation including a first stage and a second stage, a flow tube extending through the inlet cap and passing coaxially through the first stage of the insulation, the flow tube configured to receive and flow a fluid to the interior of the body; a gas heater including a plurality of heat pipes configured to be inserted in the first stage of the insulation, the plurality of heat pipes being disposed adjacent to the flow tube; a substrate heater incorporated in the second stage of the insulation; and a temperature controller configured to adjust a temperature of the gas heater and substrate heater, wherein a removed portion of the second stage is configured to provide an unobstructed view of the substrate.

The instant disclosure is related to the growth of carbon-based nanostructures and associated systems and products. Certain embodiments are related to carbon-based nanostructure growth using active growth materials comprises at least two components that are capable of forming a eutectic composition with each other. In some embodiments, the growth of carbon-based nanostructures is performed using active growth materials comprising at least two types of cations.

The instant disclosure is related to the growth of carbon-based nanostructures and associated systems and products. Certain embodiments are related to carbon-based nanostructure growth using active growth materials comprises at least two components that are capable of forming a eutectic composition with each other. In some embodiments, the growth of carbon-based nanostructures is performed using active growth materials comprising at least two types of cations.

A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

Provided in the present disclosure are a coating apparatus and an application thereof, being used for coating on the surface of a substrate, the coating apparatus comprises a feeding device and a device main body, wherein the feeding device is configured to communicate with the apparatus device main body, the feeding device comprises a gas feeding device and a liquid feeding device, the gas feeding device is in communication with the device main body and is used for transmitting a gaseous gas raw material to the device main body, the liquid feeding device is in communication with the device main body and is used for transmitting a liquid gasified gas raw material to the device main body, the device main body is used for preparing a thin film based on the gas raw material, and the same coating apparatus can be used for preparing various thin films or film layers with different properties or of different types on the surface of the substrate.

A film forming method of forming a carbon film includes: cleaning an interior of a processing container by using oxygen-containing plasma in a state in which no substrate is present inside the processing container; subsequently, extracting and removing oxygen inside the processing container by using plasma in the state in which no substrate is present inside the processing container; and subsequently, loading a substrate into the processing container and forming the carbon film on the substrate through plasma CVD using a processing gas including a carbon-containing gas, wherein the cleaning, the extracting and removing the oxygen, and the forming the carbon film are repeatedly performed.