Provided are a composition for forming a silica layer including a silicon-containing polymer and a solvent, wherein when adding 70 g of the composition for forming the silica layer to a 100 ml container, leaving it at 40 C. for 28 days, and taking 1 ml of gas generated from the composition, 1 ml of the gas includes hydrogen gas (H.sub.2), silane gas (SiH.sub.4), and ammonia gas (NH.sub.3), and the hydrogen gas, silane gas, and ammonia gas satisfy Equation 1: [(hydrogen gas amount (ppm))/(silane gas amount (ppm)+ammonia gas amount (ppm))1.5], a silica layer manufactured therefrom, and an electronic device including the silica layer.

The present disclosure relates to tungsten bronze thin films and method of making the same. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a thin, homogeneous, highly conducting cubic tungsten bronze film with densely packed micron size particles and the process of making the film.

Composite structures having a reinforced material intermingled with a substrate wherein the reinforced material includes titanium monoboride, titanium diboride, or a combination thereof.

Process for forming a multi-layer electrochromic structure, the process comprising depositing a film of a liquid mixture onto a surface of a substrate, and treating the deposited film to form an anodic electrochromic layer, the liquid mixture comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the dispersed phase comprising metal oxide particles, metal hydroxide particles, metal alkoxide particles, metal alkoxide oligomers, gels or particles, or a combination thereof having a number average size of at least 5 nm.

Solid or liquid NH free, C-free, and Si-rich perhydropolysilazane compositions comprising units having the following formula [N(SiH.sub.3).sub.x(SiH.sub.2).sub.y], wherein x=0, 1, or 2 and y=0, 1, or 2 when x+y=2; and x=0, 1 or 2 and y=1, 2, or 3 when x+y=3 are disclosed. Also disclosed are synthesis methods and applications for the same.

Provided is an electrically heated catalytic converter including at least a conductive substrate and an electrode member that is fixed to the substrate, in which a protective film is formed on a surface of at least a portion of the electrode member. In the electrically heated catalytic converter, at least a portion of the protective film is formed of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, a composite material of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2, or a composite oxide including Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, or a composite material of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 as a major component, the protective film has an amorphous structure or a partially crystalline glass structure having a crystallization rate of 30 vol % or lower with respect to the entire portion of the protective film, and a thickness of the protective film is in a range of 100 nm to 2 m.

Process for forming a multi-layer electrochromic structure, the process comprising depositing a film of a liquid mixture onto a surface of a substrate, and treating the deposited film to form an anodic electrochromic layer, the liquid mixture comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, the dispersed phase comprising metal oxide particles, metal hydroxide particles, metal alkoxide particles, metal alkoxide oligomers, gels or particles, or a combination thereof having a number average size of at least 5 nm.

Solid or liquid NH free, C-free, and Si-rich perhydropolysilazane compositions comprising units having the following formula [N(SiH.sub.3).sub.x(SiH.sub.2).sub.y], wherein x=0, 1, or 2 and y=0, 1, or 2 when x+y=2; and x=0, 1 or 2 and y=1, 2, or 3 when x+y=3 are disclosed. Also disclosed are synthesis methods and applications for the same.

The invention is directed to a body comprising oxides of lanthanides, in particular holmium oxide (Ho.sub.2O.sub.3), which are supported on a sulphur containing carbon based particle and to a process for producing said body.

There are provide a liquid composition for forming a silicon oxide-based cured coating film by the sol-gel method, the liquid composition having excellent storage stability and being capable of forming a coating film excellent in durability, in particular, alkali resistance even after long-term storage. A liquid composition applied on a surface of a substrate and cured by heating to form a coating film, contains: a matrix component containing a hydrolyzable silicon compound whose content is 20 to 60 mass % as a SiO.sub.2 content when silicon atoms contained in the matrix component are converted into SiO.sub.2 to the total solid content amount in the liquid composition; a functional component containing an ultraviolet absorbent and an infrared absorbent; water; and an acid thermally decomposing at 80 C. or higher and a temperature of the heating or lower, wherein a pH increases between before and after the thermal decomposition of the acid.