The present disclosure relates to a sensor element for a potentiometric sensor, comprising a substrate formed from a metal alloy and an ion-selective enamel layer arranged on the substrate, wherein the metal alloy comprises at least one transition metal and wherein the ion-selective enamel layer contains a proportion of an oxide of the transition metal, and wherein an electrically conductive transition zone is arranged between the substrate and the enamel layer and contains the transition metal in a plurality of different oxidation states.

The present disclosure relates to a sensor element for a potentiometric sensor, including a substrate and an ion-selective enamel layer arranged on the substrate. The substrate has at least one region which is electroconductively connected to the ion-selective enamel layer. The region of the substrate, which is electroconductively connected to the sensor layer, is made of a copper-based alloy having a mass fraction of at least 60% of copper.

A construction material includes a base material. The base material includes a low-gloss region having a 60° gloss value of smaller than and a high-gloss region having a 60° gloss value of larger than or equal to 8. The 60° gloss value of the low-gloss region and the 60° gloss value of the high-gloss region are different from each other by 5 or greater.

A method of manufacturing a tubular member for an exhaust gas treatment device according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the tubular member including a tubular main body made of a metal and an insulating layer formed on at least an inner peripheral surface of the tubular main body, the insulating layer containing glass, includes steps of: forming a coating film by spraying a coating liquid for insulating layer formation onto the inner peripheral surface of the tubular main body; and firing the coating film to obtain the insulating layer. The spraying is performed while the tubular main body is rotated with a length direction thereof being a rotation axis.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for in-line thermal flattening and enameling of steel sheets. The systems and methods include an in-line thermal flattening of a feed stock steel sheet and a subsequent enamel coating of the steel sheet. The resulting enamel coated steel sheet has improved flatness compared with other coated steel sheets that are enamel coated but do not undergo the in-line thermal flattening. The systems and methods allow the use of less expensive source materials without sacrificing quality in the finished enameled product.

A method of producing an enamel coating for a cylinder bore in a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine is provided. The method also provides for coating a cast iron gray cylinder block with an enamel coating.

Induction heating facilitated coating systems and processes for pipes overcome corrosion and erosion of the pipes at extreme temperatures and pressures in applications including oil and gas downhole tubulars and pipelines as well as processing facilities. Being based on vitreous fused inorganic compounds, the present invention achieves very high corrosion resistance at remarkably modest cost. Attractive economics and immunity to chlorides and moisture permeation at extreme concentrations and temperatures also make it well suited to desalination plants and potable water piping applications. Due to its extreme temperature resistance, it also is very well suited for geothermal wells. Additionally, due to its characteristic smooth durable surface, the present invention is ideally suited for applications involving the opposite of corrosion, namely scaling problems, such as fouling in sewage systems and scale buildup in heavy oil wells.

Provided is a tubular member for an exhaust gas treatment device, including: a tubular main body made of a metal; an insulating layer arranged at least on an inner peripheral surface side of the tubular main body; and an intermediate layer arranged between the tubular main body and the insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer contains glass, and wherein the intermediate layer is at least not identical in composition to the insulating layer.

The invention relates to a method for producing a sensor element for a potentiometric sensor, comprising: conditioning at least one region of a substrate, which consists of copper or a copper-based alloy having a mass fraction of at least 60% of copper, for producing an oxide layer comprising monovalent copper (Cu(I)), and applying an ion-selective, in particular a pH-selective enamel layer at least onto the region of the substrate.

Methods for fabricating wires insulated by low porosity glass coatings are provided, as are high temperature electromagnetic (EM) devices containing such wires. In embodiments, a method for fabricating a high temperature EM device includes applying a glass coating precursor material onto a wire. The glass coating precursor material contains a first plurality of glass particles having an initial softening point. After application onto the wire, the glass coating precursor material is heat treated under process conditions producing a crystallized intermediary glass coating having a modified softening point exceeding the initial softening point. The crystallized intermediary glass coating is then infiltrated with a filler glass precursor material containing a second plurality of glass particles. After infiltration, the filler glass precursor material is heat treated to consolidate the second plurality of glass particles into the crystallized intermediary glass coating and thereby yield a low porosity glass coating adhered to the wire.