In a first implementation, a method for exfoliation of graphene flakes from a graphite sample includes compressing a graphite sample in an electrochemical reactor and applying a voltage between the graphite sample and an electrode in the electrochemical cell.

In various aspects and embodiments the invention provides a method for preparing a metal periodate by anodic oxidation of a metal iodide in an electrolysis cell comprising one or more anodes and one or more cathodes, characterised in that the one or more anodes are carbon-comprising electrodes. In certain embodiments the method is characterised in that the one or more anodes comprise a diamond layer doped with one or more IUPAC group 13, 15 or 16 elements of the periodic table.

In various aspects and embodiments the invention provides a method for preparing a metal periodate by anodic oxidation of a metal iodide in an electrolysis cell comprising one or more anodes and one or more cathodes, characterised in that the one or more anodes are carbon-comprising electrodes. In certain embodiments the method is characterised in that the one or more anodes comprise a diamond layer doped with one or more IUPAC group 13, 15 or 16 elements of the periodic table.

An electrode for an electrochemical reaction bath has a base body, an active side which is configured to come into contact with the reaction bath, and a passive side which is configured to come into contact with at least one electrical conductor. The passive side includes a doped carbon coating that is preferably less than 5 μm in thickness. Preferably the doped carbon coating is a doped polycrystalline diamond coating in sp.sup.3 configuration and is doped with boron.

A boron-doped diamond electrode with an ultra-high specific surface area, and a preparation method therefor and the application thereof are provided. The boron-doped diamond electrode includes a substrate and an electrode working layer arranged on a surface thereof, the substrate is polysilicon or monocrystal silicon with a high specific surface area, and the electrode working layer is a boron-doped diamond layer. The polysilicon with a high specific surface area is obtained by anisotropIc etching and/or isotropic etching, and the monocrystal silicon with a high specific surface area is obtained by anisotropic etching. The boron-doped diamond layer includes a highly conductive layer, a corrosion-resistant layer, and a strongly electrocatalytically active layer, which have different boron contents. Compared with a traditional plate electrode, the present disclosure has a low cost and an extremely high specific surface area, provides a larger current intensity with a lower current density, and has broad application prospects.

A boron-doped diamond electrode with an ultra-high specific surface area, and a preparation method therefor and the application thereof are provided. The boron-doped diamond electrode includes a substrate and an electrode working layer arranged on a surface thereof, the substrate is polysilicon or monocrystal silicon with a high specific surface area, and the electrode working layer is a boron-doped diamond layer. The polysilicon with a high specific surface area is obtained by anisotropIc etching and/or isotropic etching, and the monocrystal silicon with a high specific surface area is obtained by anisotropic etching. The boron-doped diamond layer includes a highly conductive layer, a corrosion-resistant layer, and a strongly electrocatalytically active layer, which have different boron contents. Compared with a traditional plate electrode, the present disclosure has a low cost and an extremely high specific surface area, provides a larger current intensity with a lower current density, and has broad application prospects.

The invention relates to a device for electrolysis comprising a substrate (1, 6) on which an anode formed of a first diamond layer (3) and a cathode formed of a second diamond layer (4) are provided, wherein the first (3) and second diamond layers (4) are each made of diamond doped with boron.

The invention relates to a device for electrolysis comprising a substrate (1, 6) on which an anode formed of a first diamond layer (3) and a cathode formed of a second diamond layer (4) are provided, wherein the first (3) and second diamond layers (4) are each made of diamond doped with boron.

An electrode unit and an electrode system comprising the same, wherein the electrode unit has an electrode catalyst layer consisting of a material comprising electrically conductive diamond particles; the electrode system having the above electrode unit includes an anode and a cathode, and the anode and/or cathode employs the electrode unit, the electrode system further including a PEM film; the anode and the cathode are respectively disposed on two sides of the PEM film. The use of electrically conductive diamond particles as the electrode catalyst layer does not require the use of base materials such as metals or semiconductors or ceramics, and machining problem and the problem relating to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient do not exist, thereby significantly reducing the manufacturing cost.

An electrode unit and an electrode system comprising the same, wherein the electrode unit has an electrode catalyst layer consisting of a material comprising electrically conductive diamond particles; the electrode system having the above electrode unit includes an anode and a cathode, and the anode and/or cathode employs the electrode unit, the electrode system further including a PEM film; the anode and the cathode are respectively disposed on two sides of the PEM film. The use of electrically conductive diamond particles as the electrode catalyst layer does not require the use of base materials such as metals or semiconductors or ceramics, and machining problem and the problem relating to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient do not exist, thereby significantly reducing the manufacturing cost.