This invention is directed to a method of oxygenating hydrocarbons with molecular oxygen, O.sub.2, as oxidant under electrochemical reducing conditions, using polyoxometalate compounds containing copper such as Q.sub.10[Cu.sub.4(H.sub.2O).sub.2(B-α-PW.sub.9O.sub.34).sub.2] or Q.sub.13{[Cu(H.sub.2O)].sub.3[(A-α-PW.sub.9O.sub.34).sub.2(NO.sub.3).sup.−]} or solvates thereof as catalysts, wherein Q are each independently selected from alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metal cations, transition metal cations, NH.sub.4.sup.+, H.sup.+ or any combination thereof.

The invention generally relates an apparatus for generation of hydrogen and oxygen gases by utilizing seawater. The invention also relates to a method of making hydrogen and oxygen gas by utilizing anion exchange membranes and seawater. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The invention generally relates an apparatus for generation of hydrogen and oxygen gases by utilizing seawater. The invention also relates to a method of making hydrogen and oxygen gas by utilizing anion exchange membranes and seawater. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

An electrolytic reaction system for generating gaseous hydrogen and oxygen includes a reaction chamber for accommodating an electrolyte as well as an electrode arrangement, which is formed of anodic and cathodic electrodes. Between lateral surfaces of electrodes arranged to be spaced apart from one another, at least one flow channel for the electrolyte is formed, which extends between a first axial end for admitting the electrolyte into the electrode arrangement and a second axial end for discharging the electrolyte out of the electrode arrangement. The at least one flow channel has at least one first flow cross-section and at least one second flow cross-section, wherein the second flow cross-section has a smaller size than the first flow channel, and the comparatively smaller second flow cross-section is formed in a partial section of the at least one flow channel closest to the second axial end of the electrode arrangement.

An electrolytic reaction system for generating gaseous hydrogen and oxygen includes a reaction chamber for accommodating an electrolyte as well as an electrode arrangement, which is formed of anodic and cathodic electrodes. Between lateral surfaces of electrodes arranged to be spaced apart from one another, at least one flow channel for the electrolyte is formed, which extends between a first axial end for admitting the electrolyte into the electrode arrangement and a second axial end for discharging the electrolyte out of the electrode arrangement. The at least one flow channel has at least one first flow cross-section and at least one second flow cross-section, wherein the second flow cross-section has a smaller size than the first flow channel, and the comparatively smaller second flow cross-section is formed in a partial section of the at least one flow channel closest to the second axial end of the electrode arrangement.

A method for performing an electrolysis using an electrolysis stack having multiple electrolysis cells, wherein each of the electrolysis cells has: an anode space with an anode, a cathode space with a cathode, a membrane that separates the anode space and the cathode space from each other, and a recombination catalyst. The method includes feeding an electrolysis medium to the electrolysis stack and determining a flow rate at which the electrolysis medium is fed to the electrolysis stack, providing electrical energy to the electrolysis stack for performing the electrolysis with the electrolysis medium fed to the electrolysis stack, and determining a degree of degradation of the membranes based on the determined flow rate of the electrolysis medium.

A method for performing an electrolysis using an electrolysis stack having multiple electrolysis cells, wherein each of the electrolysis cells has: an anode space with an anode, a cathode space with a cathode, a membrane that separates the anode space and the cathode space from each other, and a recombination catalyst. The method includes feeding an electrolysis medium to the electrolysis stack and determining a flow rate at which the electrolysis medium is fed to the electrolysis stack, providing electrical energy to the electrolysis stack for performing the electrolysis with the electrolysis medium fed to the electrolysis stack, and determining a degree of degradation of the membranes based on the determined flow rate of the electrolysis medium.

A method for the electrochemical preparation of alkanedicarboxylic acids involves a ring-opening oxidation with a doped Ni(O)OH foam electrode in an aqueous alkaline solution.

A method for the electrochemical preparation of alkanedicarboxylic acids involves a ring-opening oxidation with a doped Ni(O)OH foam electrode in an aqueous alkaline solution.

The present invention relates to a bio electrochemical system for the treatment of organic liquid wastes. The bio electrochemical system comprises a container; at least one tube shaped separator vertically disposed such that it penetrates the container; at least one anode disposed in the external space of the tube shaped separator; at least one cathode disposed in the interior space of the tube shaped separator; and at least one partition plate horizontally disposed such that it forms multistage horizontal flow channels for organic liquid wastes in the container.