An electrolytic cell includes a liquid metal cathode, an anode, and a molten salt electrolyte in contact with the liquid metal cathode and the anode. The molten salt electrolyte includes carbonate ions, and the electrolytic cell is configured to reduce the carbonate ions at the surface of the cathode or in the vicinity of the cathode to yield a carbon material and oxide ions. Producing a carbon material in the electrolytic cell includes providing carbonate ions to the electrolytic cell, reducing the carbonate ions at the liquid metal cathode to yield the carbon material, and removing the carbon material from the electrolytic cell.

It is the object of the present invention to present a cell for extracting oxygen from lunar regolith via Molten Oxide Electrolysis, comprising (i) a cathode, (ii) an anode and (iii) a crucible, wherein the anode is characterized as at least partially liquid. The anode may be constructed from palladium, lead, silver, gold, platinum tantalum, or from a mixture.

A system and method for generating arsine are disclosed. The system may include a shell having a top interior surface. The system may also include a cathode-anode assembly positioned in the shell and forming an elongated structure substantially parallel to the top surface. The cathode-anode assembly may include a first electrode and a second electrode surrounding the first electrode and forming a gap therebetween. The second electrode may include a plurality of channels along a length of the second electrode. The plurality of channels may allow circulation of electrolyte within and around at least a portion of the cathode-anode assembly and allow gases generated in response to current applied to the cathode-anode assembly to escape from the cathode-anode assembly. Such gases may be used as precursor gases for a high-volume metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) operation.

A process for producing solid carbon and gaseous oxygen from CO.sub.2 via electrolysis using an electrolysis apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a chamber with an electrolyte inlet, an electrolyte outlet, a liquid electrolyte containing CO.sub.2 in the chamber, at least one cathode-anode pair, with the cathode including a liquid metal capable of catalysing reduction of CO.sub.2 to solid carbon at a selected operating temperature of the process. The process includes causing the electrolyte to flow from the inlet to the outlet in fluid communication with the cathode-anode pair, applying a voltage between the cathode-anode pair and causing solid carbon to form on the cathode from CO.sub.2 in the electrolyte and gaseous oxygen to be evolved at the anode from CO.sub.2 in the electrolyte.

Electrochemical cells and methods are described that can be utilized for the recovery of tritium directly from a molten lithium metal solution without the need for a separation or concentration step prior to the electrolytic recovery process. The methods and systems utilize an ion conducting electrolyte that conducts either lithium ion or tritide ion across the electrochemical cell.

The invention relates to the energy industry, in particular to a device and a method for producing hydrogen, and can be used, for example, as a part of fuel systems of various vehicles in order to supply fuel to a hydrogen engine or hydrogen fuel cells. In the first aspect, the claimed invention is a device for producing hydrogen, comprising a housing and at least one rechargeable electrolytic cell with electrodes, which is mounted in the housing, the electrodes being an anode and a cathode, the cell being at least partially filled with a liquid water-based electrolyte, wherein the device comprises a sodium electrode isolated from the liquid electrolyte by a solid electrolyte configured to exchange positively charged sodium ions with the liquid electrolyte, and the cathode and the anode are separated by an ion-permeable partition. In the second aspect, the claimed invention is a method for producing hydrogen by alternating the discharging and charging processes of a rechargeable electrolytic cell.

A system and method for generating arsine are disclosed. The system may include a shell having a top interior surface. The system may also include a cathode-anode assembly positioned in the shell and forming an elongated structure substantially parallel to the top surface. The cathode-anode assembly may include a first electrode and a second electrode surrounding the first electrode and forming a gap therebetween. The second electrode may include a plurality of channels along a length of the second electrode. The plurality of channels may allow circulation of electrolyte within and around at least a portion of the cathode-anode assembly and allow gases generated in response to current applied to the cathode-anode assembly to escape from the cathode-anode assembly. Such gases may be used as precursor gases for a high-volume metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) operation.

A process for producing solid carbon and gaseous oxygen from CO.sub.2 via electrolysis using an electrolysis apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a chamber with an electrolyte inlet, an electrolyte outlet, a liquid electrolyte containing CO.sub.2 in the chamber, at least one cathode-anode pair, with the cathode including a liquid metal capable of catalysing reduction of CO.sub.2 to solid carbon at a selected operating temperature of the process. The process includes causing the electrolyte to flow from the inlet to the outlet in fluid communication with the cathode-anode pair, applying a voltage between the cathode-anode pair and causing solid carbon to form on the cathode from CO.sub.2 in the electrolyte and gaseous oxygen to be evolved at the anode from CO.sub.2 in the electrolyte.