Metastable alloys have recently emerged as high-performance catalysts, extending the toolbox of binary alloy materials that can be utilized to mediate electrocatalytic reactions. In particular, nanostructured metastable ordered intermetallic compounds are particularly challenging to synthesize. Here the present invention is directed to a method for synthesizing sub-15 nm metastable ordered intermetallic Pd31Bi12 nanoparticles at room temperature, in a single step, by pulsed electrochemical deposition onto high surface area carbon supports. The resulting Pd31Bi12 nanoparticles displays a 7× enhancement of the mass activity relative to Pt/C and a 4× enhancement relative to Pd/C for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The high performance of Pd31Bi12 nanoparticles is demonstrated to arise from reduced oxygen binding caused by alloying of Pd with Bi. The isolation of Pd-sites from each other facilitate methanol tolerant ORR behavior.

A method for preparing a palladium-gold alloy layer on a substrate by electrodepositing said coating surface with an aqueous electroplating solution comprising of an aqueous solution of a soluble palladium compound and a soluble gold complex, wherein the ratio of gold to palladium to in the solution is from 5 to 40 w/w %. Also taught is a substrate such as a vanadium or vanadium alloy gas separation membrane coated with a palladium-gold alloy layer.

The present invention concerns a metal or metal alloy deposition composition, particularly a copper or copper alloy deposition composition, for electrolytic deposition of a metal or metal alloy layer, particularly for electrolytic deposition of a copper or copper alloy layer, comprising at least one type of metal ions to be deposited, preferably copper ions, and at least one imidazole based plating compound. The present invention further concerns a method for preparation of the plating compound, the plating compound itself and its use in a metal or metal alloy deposition composition. The inventive metal or metal alloy deposition composition can be preferably used for filling recessed structures, in particular those having higher diameter to depth aspect ratios.

Provided in the present invention are a flexible electrochemical electrode, a subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring sensor equipped with the electrochemical electrode, and a preparation method thereof. The electrode directly uses gold layers on both sides of a chemically plated film, respectively as a working electrode and a reference-counter electrode, so as to form an electrochemical two-electrode system. Petaloid platinum nanoparticles are electrodeposited on a surface of the configured working electrode as a catalytic layer; a carbon nanotube/Nafion mesh layer functions as an anti-interference layer, and is formed thereon with an enzyme biochemical sensitive layer by means of electrostatic adsorption, after crosslinking and curing in glutaraldehyde, polyurethane mass transfer is coated to limit a protection layer, so as to prepare a flexible continuous glucose monitoring sensor. The sensor does not require photolithography, screen printing or other technologies to construct an electrochemical electrode system. The present invention effectively simplifies the processing technology, can easily achieve large-scale production and reduce production costs; and meanwhile, the present invention has characteristics such as a wide linear range, low detection limit, powerful anti-interference capacity, high response sensitivity and long-term stability.

A photo-resist (21) is applied in a pattern or vertical columns having the dimensions of holes or pores of the aperture plate to be produced. This mask pattern provides the apertures which define the aerosol particle size, having up to 2500 holes per square mm. There is electro-deposition of metal (22) into the spaces around the columns (21). There is further application of a second photo-resist mask (25) of much larger (wider and taller) columns, encompassing the area of a number of first columns (21). The hole diameter in the second plating layer is chosen according to a desired flow rate.

The present invention provides a catalyst for hydrogen peroxide decomposition with which hydrogen peroxide present in acid-containing water to be treated can be efficiently decomposed at low cost and which is less apt to dissolve away in the water being treated, can be stably used over a long period, and renders acid recovery and recycling possible. The present invention has solved the problems with a catalyst for hydrogen peroxide decomposition which is for use in decomposing hydrogen peroxide present in acid-containing water to be treated, the catalyst including a base and, a catalyst layer that is amorphous, includes a platinum-group metal having catalytic function and a Group-6 element metal having catalytic function and is formed over the base.

A coating made of platinum-gold alloy is provided, together with a method of its preparation by electrodeposition. The alloy is composed of more than 50 atomic percent platinum. The microstructure of the alloy consists of generally ellipsoidal grains. More than half of the grains have a major axis of 10 nm or less.

The printed circuit board for the memory card includes an insulating layer; a mounting unit formed on a first surface of the insulating layer and electrically connected to a memory device; a terminal unit formed on a second surface of the insulating layer and electrically connected to electronic apparatuses of an outside; and metal layers formed at the mounting unit and the terminal unit and made of the same material.

The present application discloses a photoelectrode and a preparation method therefor, and a Pt-based alloy catalyst and a preparation method therefor. The method for preparing the Pt-based nano-alloy catalyst includes: placing a photoelectrode in an electrolytic cell with at least one light-transmitting surface and including an electrolyte; using a light source to irradiate a surface of the photoelectrode from the light-transmitting surface of the electrolytic cell, where the photoelectrode includes an active metal layer, a passivation layer, a semiconductor light absorption layer, a rear conductive layer, and an insulating protective layer that are sequentially stacked along the light incident direction; based on an electrochemical workstation and light irradiation, using a Pt electrode and a reference electrode to match the photoelectrode to electrochemically treat the surface of the photoelectrode; and cleaning the electrochemically-treated photoelectrode to obtain the Pt-based nano-alloy catalyst and a photoelectrode modified by the Pt-based nano-alloy catalyst.

The present invention provides electrodes comprising a core substrate, and internal layer coating, and an external layer coating and processes to prepare such electrodes.