Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided for measuring the level of a target analyte for a patient. The sensor has a working wire and a reference wire, where the working wire has an analyte limiting layer that passes more than 1 in 1000 analyte molecules from the patient to the an enzyme layer. The enzyme layer has an enzyme entrapped in a polyurethane cross-linked with acrylic polyol. As free electrons are generated, a conductor transfers the electrons to the biological monitor. In some cases, the sensor may be constructed without the use of any expensive platinum.

A metal wire, which is one of a tungsten wire and a tungsten alloy wire, includes alkali metal on the surface thereof. The amount of alkali metal is at most 2.0 μg per 1 g of the metal wire.

A steel filament for twisting into a steel cord for the reinforcement of rubber articles, which contains a steel substrate that is coated with a coating comprising brass. The coating is different in that the amount of iron at the surface is distinctively higher than that prior steel filaments. The coating has an average iron content of 4 or more atomic percent compared to the total of iron, zinc and copper atoms in the layer extending from the surface to a depth of 3 nanometer below the surface. The steel filaments show an improved adhesion retention under hot and humid conditions and in organic cobalt compound containing rubbers as well as rubbers that are substantially free of cobalt. The lifetime of the rubber article is extended.

A process for making a carbon nanotube structure includes forming a composite by depositing or growing carbon nanotubes onto a metal substrate, and infusing the carbon nanotubes. In other aspects, a method of making a wire, includes coating carbon nanotubes on a wire, and electroplating the carbon nanotubes. In still other aspects, a method of making a conductor includes growing or depositing vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on a sheet. Yet still, a method of making a cable includes forming multiple composite wires, each composite wire formed by depositing or growing carbon nanotubes onto a metal substrate, and performing a metal infusion of the carbon nanotubes. The method also comprises combining multiple finished composite wires or objects to make large cables or straps.

Disclosed is a post-plating treatment method for a one-step brass-electroplated steel wire, comprising the following steps: electroplating the surface of the steel wire with a brass alloy; immediately washing the electroplated steel wire with cold water, removing residues from the surface of the steel wire, and blow-drying the steel wire with cold air; immersing the blow-dried steel wire in a water-based coating solution; and taking the immersed steel wire out, blow-drying the steel wire with natural air, and taking the steel wire up. The water-based coating solution comprises a polyoxyethylene organic salt, sodium hypophosphite and the balance of pure water, the polyoxyethylene organic salt comprising a salt of alkyl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate and polyoxyethylene alkylamine.

Described herein are apparatus and methods for the continuous application of nanolaminated materials by electrodeposition.

A method of producing an electrocatalyst, comprising the steps of: a) electrodeposition or electrochemical plating of an alloy comprising nickel and a second metal on a copper, nickel or other metal substrate; and b) electrochemical or chemical dissolution of deposited second metal to obtain a nanoporous structure on the copper, nickel or other metal substrate.

A conductive electrode wire for use in an electric discharge machine (EDM) is provided, comprising a core wire comprised of one single metal or an alloy of multiple metals with a coating deposited by the electro-plasma process, wherein such coatings are alloys of zinc and nickel. A process for treating a surface of an electrically conductive workpiece, such as a core wire, is also provided.

Provided is a thermal spray wire as a thermal spray material for use in continuous arc wire thermal spraying machines, the thermal spray wire being for performing continuous and stable arc thermal spraying with sufficient electrical conductivity and at a stable voltage. The thermal spray wire includes a copper-plated coating having a thickness of from 0.3 to 1.2 μm on a surface of a rod made of stainless steel. Using the thermal spray wire allows for stable arc thermal spraying by a continuous arc thermal spraying machine including a wire feeding mechanism.

A system for jetting metal is also disclosed, which includes a nozzle orifice in connection with the inner cavity and configured to eject one or more droplets of liquid metal, a source of printing material located external to the ejector, and an alloying system located between the source of printing material and the ejector. A method for metal jetting is disclosed, which includes introducing a printing material from a feed source into an alloying system. The method for metal jetting also includes depositing an alloying material within the alloying system onto the printing material to produce an alloyed printing material, introducing the alloyed printing material into an ejector defining a cavity which can retain a printing material, melting the alloyed printing material in the cavity of the ejector, ejecting the alloyed printing material from the ejector.