A process for preparing surface-modified carbon, comprising adding carbon material to a solution of a reaction product of primary aromatic amine and excess molar amount of nitrite source, and recovering surface-modified carbon bearing redox-active sites. Surface-modified carbon material, electrodes and capacitors based thereon are also provided.

Provided is a composition for the treatment of fibers, such as PAN precursor fibers. The finish composition includes a polysiloxane; an emulsifier; water; and a dicarboxylic acid having a pK.sub.a from 1 to 4, and boiling point from 200 to 400° C. The dicarboxylic acid may have the following formula: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 is absent or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aromatic substituted or unsubstituted, hydrocarbon group; Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, or an alkoxy group; and X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are independently one or more hydrogen atoms, a metal, a quaternary amine, or a hydrocarbon group having up to 6 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon group being an alkyl group, an alkylene group, or an aromatic group, which may be branched or linear, and may optionally have one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus.

Provided is a composition for the treatment of fibers, such as PAN precursor fibers. The finish composition includes a polysiloxane; an emulsifier; water; and a dicarboxylic acid having a pK.sub.a from 1 to 4, and boiling point from 200 to 400° C. The dicarboxylic acid may have the following formula: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 is absent or a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aromatic substituted or unsubstituted, hydrocarbon group; Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, or an alkoxy group; and X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are independently one or more hydrogen atoms, a metal, a quaternary amine, or a hydrocarbon group having up to 6 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon group being an alkyl group, an alkylene group, or an aromatic group, which may be branched or linear, and may optionally have one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus.

An oral pouch product includes an outer wrapper defining a cavity and an inner filling material in the cavity. The outer wrapper includes a hydrophobic material or an elastomeric material. The inner filling material includes a dry mixture and a liquid mixture. The dry mixture includes a cellulosic material. The liquid mixture includes a triglyceride and liquid nicotine dissolved in the triglyceride. The triglyceride is included in the oral pouch product in an amount of 10% to 30% by weight based on the weight of the oral pouch product.

An oral pouch product includes an outer wrapper defining a cavity and an inner filling material in the cavity. The outer wrapper includes a hydrophobic material or an elastomeric material. The inner filling material includes a dry mixture and a liquid mixture. The dry mixture includes a cellulosic material. The liquid mixture includes a triglyceride and liquid nicotine dissolved in the triglyceride. The triglyceride is included in the oral pouch product in an amount of 10% to 30% by weight based on the weight of the oral pouch product.

An object of the present invention is to make it possible that a pyridine antibacterial/antifungal agent is dispersed stably in a liquid for appropriate impartation of the pyridine antibacterial/antifungal agent to fibers, and that when fibers are processed with the agent which is mixed with various other treating agents such as dyes and softeners, there is no negative influences on the process of the fibers for imparting antibacterial/antifungal properties. An antibacterial/antifungal properties-imparting agent contains a pyridine antibacterial/antifungal agent; a modified polysaccharide having reduced hydroxyl groups; and a wetting agent; but does not contain a surfactant. After applying the antibacterial/antifungal properties-imparting agent to fibers, the fibers undergo a heating process.

An object of the present invention is to make it possible that a pyridine antibacterial/antifungal agent is dispersed stably in a liquid for appropriate impartation of the pyridine antibacterial/antifungal agent to fibers, and that when fibers are processed with the agent which is mixed with various other treating agents such as dyes and softeners, there is no negative influences on the process of the fibers for imparting antibacterial/antifungal properties. An antibacterial/antifungal properties-imparting agent contains a pyridine antibacterial/antifungal agent; a modified polysaccharide having reduced hydroxyl groups; and a wetting agent; but does not contain a surfactant. After applying the antibacterial/antifungal properties-imparting agent to fibers, the fibers undergo a heating process.

The present invention relates to a method of obtaining a solid material based on a polymer having its cellobiose units exhibiting the following characteristics: at least some of the cellobiose units have at least one carboxylic acid function attached to the C.sub.6 carbon, the other C.sub.6 carbons having a primary alcohol function attached thereto; and at least some of the cellobiose units have at least one of the two rings open between the C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 carbons, the other C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 carbons forming a ring and having an alcohol function attached thereto. Such a material, advantageously a textile, may be used as a compress.

The present invention relates to a method of obtaining a solid material based on a polymer having its cellobiose units exhibiting the following characteristics: at least some of the cellobiose units have at least one carboxylic acid function attached to the C.sub.6 carbon, the other C.sub.6 carbons having a primary alcohol function attached thereto; and at least some of the cellobiose units have at least one of the two rings open between the C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 carbons, the other C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 carbons forming a ring and having an alcohol function attached thereto. Such a material, advantageously a textile, may be used as a compress.

A composition having sodium pyrithione and a binder is provided. The composition may also have a softener. A method of using the composition is provided. The method includes applying a composition to a textile. A method of treating the textile with the composition to impart an antimicrobial and/or antifungal efficacy and durability is also provided.