An artificial leather includes a resin layer as the surface and a base fabric connected to the resin layer as the substrate. The base fabric comprises at least two monolayer structures arranged in an orderly manner as two laminates. Each monolayer structure is woven with some of the warp yarns and/or weft yarns in such layer or with some of the warp yarns and/or weft yarns in one or more other layers to form a number of connecting points, such that at least two monolayer structures arranged in an orderly manner as two laminates are connected with each other in the weaving process, forming a multi-layer integrated base fabric. The artificial leather incorporates a number of air vent holes distributed in the resin layer and the base fabric in the direction of thickness while retaining mechanical properties of tensile strength and tear resistance.

A composite skin material for a vehicle wherein a synthetic leather includes a surface resin layer having a plurality of openings, an adhesion layer present on the rear surface of the surface resin layer, and a fibrous base material present on the rear surface of the surface resin layer across the adhesion layer, and the adhesion layer is present only at the adherend part, except for the plurality of openings, in the rear surface of the surface resin layer, and the base material surface of the fibrous base material is bonded to the surface resin layer.

A composite skin material for a vehicle includes a fibrous substrate, a polyurethane resin layer provided on the front side of the fibrous substrate, and a woven fabric adhered to the back side of the fibrous substrate through an adhesive layer comprising a polyurethane resin. Openings penetrating the fibrous substrate from the front of the polyurethane resin layer are provided in the composite skin material, and an opening ratio on the front of the polyurethane resin layer is 1 to 15%. The woven fabric has a warp density of 25 to 50 yarns/25.4 mm and a weft density of 30 to 50 yarns/25.4 mm, and the mass per unit area of the adhesive layer is 15 to 100 g/m.sup.2. The composite skin material has air permeability of 5 to 100 cm.sup.3/cm.sup.2.Math.s, tear strength of 20 to 150N, and tensile strength of 50 N/cm or more.

The invention relates to a method for producing a surface-structured layered material which has a backing layer (I) and a polyurethane layer (2) connected thereto, the backing layer (I) used, in particular in pieces, being a leather, preferably a smoothed full-grain leather or a split cowskin, a textile material, preferably a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, a cellulose fibre material, a split foam, a leather fibre material or a microfibre fleece and being connected to the layer (2), and the layer (2) applied to the backing layer (I) being at least one, preferably a single layer formed of a PU foam, in particular containing gas pockets, preferably a whipped PU foam optionally containing hollow microspheres and/or a PU foam containing hollow microspheres. According to the invention: —the PU foam, in particular containing gas pockets, is created with a PU dispersion mixture, wherein the individual PU dispersions used to create the PU dispersion mixture exhibit different softening points in the dry state; —to create the PU dispersion mixture, one or more PU dispersions having heat—preferably melting and contact adhesive properties and a softening point in the dry state greater than 40° C., preferably greater than 45° C., in an amount of 18 to 52 wt ¾ of the finished PU dispersion mixture is/are mixed with one or more PU dispersions without melting and contact adhesive properties and with a softening point greater than 95° C., preferably greater than 125° C., in an amount of 39 to 73 wt ¾ of the finished PU dispersion mixture; —the PU dispersion mixture for the layer (2) is applied to the backing layer (I) with a thickness such that the layer has a thickness in the dried state of 0.075 to 0.450 mm, preferably 0.150 to 0.280 mm; —before or during structuring of the PU foam, a further layer (3) of a non-foamed PU dispersion which is a mixture of multiple PU dispersions is applied to the layer (2); —the backing layer (I) is optionally cut or punched into banks or pattern parts before or after the application of the PU foam, in particular after the drying thereof, and the coated blanks or pattern parts are subjected to stamping or structuring under pressure and temperature; and —the backing layer (1), the further layer (3) and the layer (2) are compressed and joined to one another and structured with a die (4) under application of a contact pressure of 4 to 48 kg/cm2, preferably 4 to 48 kg/cm2, in particular 18 to 25 kg/cm2.

A composite skin material for a vehicle wherein a synthetic leather includes a surface resin layer having a plurality of openings, an adhesion layer present on the rear surface of the surface resin layer, and a fibrous base material present on the rear surface of the surface resin layer across the adhesion layer, and the adhesion layer is present only at the adherend part, except for the plurality of openings, in the rear surface of the surface resin layer, and the base material surface of the fibrous base material is bonded to the surface resin layer.

Stabilizing a textile sheet structure was achieved by forming a plurality of discrete fiber tufts extending from a first face of a fibrous layer of the textile sheet structure, through the fibrous layer and beyond a second face opposite the first face. Each discrete fiber tuft included a plurality discrete fibers. Each discrete fiber tuft was anchored to the first face and the second face of the fibrous layer by joining together the plurality of each discrete fiber tuft at the first face and the second face and bonding the joined plurality of discrete fiber tuft to the first face and the second face.

In a skin material, a front face of a first fibrous base material is a first color and a front face of a second fibrous base material is a second color. The second fibrous base material is laminated on a back face of the first fibrous base material. A through hole of the first fibrous base material penetrates the first fibrous base material in a laminating direction. A dimension of the through hole in a first direction is set to a first value (N1). A dimension of the through hole in a second direction is set to a second value (N2). A dimension of the through hole in the laminating direction is set to a third value (N3). The first value (N1) and the second value (N2) are set to be 0.38 times or more and 12 times or less with respect to the third value (N3).

In a skin material, a front face of a first fibrous base material is a first color and a front face of a second fibrous base material is a second color. The second fibrous base material is laminated on a back face of the first fibrous base material. A through hole of the first fibrous base material penetrates the first fibrous base material in a laminating direction. A dimension of the through hole in a first direction is set to a first value (N1). A dimension of the through hole in a second direction is set to a second value (N2). A dimension of the through hole in the laminating direction is set to a third value (N3). The first value (N1) and the second value (N2) are set to be 0.38 times or more and 12 times or less with respect to the third value (N3).

A composite skin material for a vehicle includes a fibrous substrate, a polyurethane resin layer provided on the front side of the fibrous substrate, and a woven fabric adhered to the back side of the fibrous substrate through an adhesive layer comprising a polyurethane resin. Openings penetrating the fibrous substrate from the front of the polyurethane resin layer are provided in the composite skin material, and an opening ratio on the front of the polyurethane resin layer is 1 to 15%. The woven fabric has a warp density of 25 to 50 yarns/25.4 mm and a weft density of 30 to 50 yarns/25.4 mm, and the mass per unit area of the adhesive layer is 15 to 100 g/m.sup.2. The composite skin material has air permeability of 5 to 100 cm.sup.3/cm.sup.2.Math.s, tear strength of 20 to 150N, and tensile strength of 50 N/cm or more.

A method of regulating a temperature of a human body includes: (1) providing an article of clothing including a textile, wherein the textile includes at least one porous layer including a polyolefin; and (2) placing the article of clothing adjacent to the human body. The porous layer has pores having an average pore size in a range of 50 nm and 1000 nm.